United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982
PREAMBLE
The States Parties to this Convention
Prompted by the desire to settle,
, in a spirit
of mutual understanding
and cooperation, all issues relating to the law of the sea and aware of
the historic significance of this Convention as an important contribution to the maintenance of peace, justice and progress for all peoples of the world,
Noting that developments since the United Nations Conferences on the Law of the Sea held at Geneva in 1958 and 1960 have accentuated the need for a new and generally acceptable Convention on the law of the sea, Conscious that the problems of ocean space are closely interrelated and need to be considered as a whole,
Recognizing the desirability
of establishing
through this Convention,
with due regard for the sovereignty of all States, a legal order for the seas and oceans which will facilitate international communication, and
will promote the peaceful uses of the seas and oceans, the equitable and efficient utilization of their resources, the conservation of their
living resources, and the study, protection and preservation of the marine environment,
Bearing in mind that the achievement of these goals will contribute to the realization of a just and equitable international economic order which takes into account the interests and needs of mankind as a whole and, in particular, the special interests and needs of developing countries, whether coastal or land-locked,
Desiring by this Convention to develop the principles embodied in resolution 2749 (XXV) of 17 December 1970 in which the General Assembly
of the United Nations solemnly declared inter alia that the area of the seabed and ocean floor and the subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, as well as its resources, are the commonheritage of mankind, the exploration and exploitation of which shall be carried
out for the benefit of mankind as a whole, irrespective of the geographical location of States,
Believing that the codification and progressive development of the law of the sea achieved in this Convention will contribute to the strengthening of peace, security, cooperation and friendly relations
amongall nations in conformity with the principles of justice and equal rights and will promote the economic and social advancement of all peoples of the world, in accordance with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations as set forth in the Charter,
Affirming that matters not regulated by this Convention continue to be governed by the rules and principles of general international law,
Have agreed as follows:
PART I INTRODUCTION
Article 1
Use of terms and scope
1. For the purposes of this Convention:
(1) \the limits of national jurisdiction;
(2) \(3) \in the Area\means all activities exploitation of, the resources of the Area;
of exploration
for, and
(4) \of the marine environment\means the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment, including estuaries, which results or is likely to result
in such deleterious effects as harm to living resources and marine life, hazards to human health, hindrance to marine activities, including fishing and other legitimate uses of the sea, impairment of quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities; (5) (a) \
(i) any deliberate disposal of wastes or other matter from vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea;
(ii) any deliberate disposal of vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea;
(b) \
(i) the disposal of wastes or other matter incidental to, or derived from the normal operations of vessels,
aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea and their equipment, other than wastes or other
matter transported by or to vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea, operating for the purpose of disposal of such matter
or derived from the treatment of such wastes or other matter on such vessels, aircraft, platforms or structures;
(ii) placement of matter for a purpose other than the mere disposal thereof, provided that such placement is not contrary to the aims of this Convention.
2. (1) \Parties\meansStates which have consented to be bound by this Convention and for which this Convention is in force.
(2) This Convention applies mutatis mutandis to the entities referred to in article 305, paragraph l(b), (c), (d), (e) and (f), which become
Parties to this Convention in accordance with the conditions relevant to each, and to that extent \
PART II
TERRITORIAL SEA AND CONTIGUOUS ZONE
SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article2
Legal status of the territorial sea, of the air space over the territorial sea and of its bed and subsoil
1. The sovereignty of a coastal State extends, beyond its land territory and internal waters and, in the case of an archipelagic State, its archipelagic waters, to an adjacent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea.
2. This sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial well as to its bed and subsoil.
3. The sovereignty over the territorial Convention and to other rules of international law.
sea is exercised subject to this
sea as
SECTION 2. LIMITS OF THE TERRITORIAL SEA
Article3
Breadth of the territorial sea
Every State has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baselines determined in accordance with this Convention.
sea
Article4
Outer limit of the territorial sea
The outer limit of the territorial sea is the line every point of which
is at a distance from the nearest point of the baseline equal to the breadth of the territorial sea.
Article5 Normal baseline
Except where otherwise provided in this Convention, the normal baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State.
Article6 Reefs
In the case of islands situated on atolls or of islands having fringing
reefs, the baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is
the seaward low-water line of the reef, as shownby the appropriate symbol on charts officially recognized by the coastal State.
Article7 Straight baselines
1. In localities
where the coastline
is deeply indented and cut into, or
if there is a fringe of islands along the coast in its immediate vicinity, the method of straight baselines joining appropriate points may be
employed in drawing the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.
2. Where because of the presence of a delta and other natural conditions the coastline is highly unstable, the appropriate points may be selected along the furthest seaward extent of the low-water line and,
notwithstanding subsequent regression of the low-water line, the straight baselines shall remain effective until changed by the coastal State in accordance with this Convention.
3. The drawing of straight baselines must not depart to any appreciable extent from the general direction of the coast, and the sea areas lying within the lines must be sufficiently closely linked to the land domain to be subject to the regime of internal waters.
4. Straight baselines shall not be drawn to and from low-tide elevations, unless lighthouses or similar installations which are permanently above sea level have been built on them or except in instances where the drawing of baselines to and from such elevations has received general international recognition.
联合国海洋法公约英文版 - 图文



