专升本考试英语语法总结
目录
一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态) ................................................... 3 二、不定式 .................................................................................................. 7 三、动词的时态和语态 ........................................................................... 31
一般现在时的特例 ................................................................................. 31 一般过去时的注意点 ............................................................................. 33 一般将来时的注意点 ............................................................................. 33
四、非谓语动词 ........................................................................................ 35 五、复合式谓语 ........................................................................................ 62 六、动词的虚拟语气................................................................................ 73 七、状语从句 ............................................................................................ 87
1、时间状语从句 ................................................................................... 87 2.地点状语从句 ...................................................................................... 90 3、原因状语从句 ................................................................................... 90 4.条件状语从句 ................................................................................... 91 5.让步状语从句 ................................................................................... 91 6.目的状语从句 ................................................................................... 92 7.结果状语从句 ................................................................................... 92 8.方式状语从句 ................................................................................... 93
一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态)
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主语 subject 谓语 predicate 宾语 object
宾语补足语 object complement 表语 predictive 定语 attributive 状语 adverbial
WARM-UP:1)The teacher in the classroom. 2)Sang many songs and danced happily. 3)She attracts. 4)Many people living in the country. 5)All the books on the desk over there. 以上这些形式都不能构成英语句子。
英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语(核心:主动词)
I.八大成分的概念和构成
1.主语(名词代词形):句子的主体,是谓语陈述,说明的对象。 If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain. 不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹。
The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching. 成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始,并要坚持不断磨练。
充当主语的形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式8)介词短语(少见)
形式主语(名词从句,不定式,动名词)(见第六讲主语和宾语)
2.谓语:表示主语的行为或进行的活动。 I have a dream.
You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want. 所需之物未必皆所欲,所欲未必皆所需。 谓语形式:动词(英语句子的灵魂)
3.宾语:行为或活动的对象,接受者或受影响者。 You don’t find opportunities…you make them. 你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。
You probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on. 如果你常开着电视,你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。