.
3-16 将4MPa,过热度150℃的蒸气,经绝热可逆膨胀降压到50kPa。将过程定性地表
示在T-S图上。若该过程在封闭体系中进行,试计算体系对外所作功是多少? 解: ① 4MPa 饱和水蒸汽查表知:t=250.33℃
状态1过热度为150℃. 即 t=250.33+150=400.33℃ 对应此状态点的焓、熵分别为h1、S1 查过热水蒸汽表知:400.33℃下
2.5MPa时 h’=3240.7kg·kg-1 S’=7.0178 kJ·kg-1·k-1 V’=0.12004m3·kg-1
5MPa 时 h”=3198.3 kg·kg-1 S”=6.65 kJ·kg-1·k-1 V”=0.05779 m3·kg-1
内插求出4MPa ,400.33℃下 对应的h 和s分别为:
h?3240.73198.3?3240.7
?4?2.55?2.5h 1?3198.3?3240.7(4?2.5)?3240.7?3215.26 kJ?kg?1
5?2.5s?7.01786.6508?7.0178 ?4?2.55?2.5s1?v?6.6508?7.0178(4?2.5)?7.0178?6.7976 kJ?kg?1?K?1
5?2.50.05779?0.12004(5?2.5)?0.12004?0.08269 m3?kg?1
5?2.5② 经过绝热可逆过程s2?s1?6.7976 kJ?kg?1?K?1, P2=50KPa 对应该压力下其饱和热力学参数查表知:
S2g=7.5947 kJ·kg-1·K-1 H2g=2646.0 kJ·kg-1 S2l=1.0912 kJ·kg-1·K-1 H2l=340.56 kJ·kg-1
v2g=3.24 m3·kg-1 v2l=0.0010301 m3·kg-1
.
∵ S2<S2g
∴ 终态为湿蒸汽状态
S2?Sl,2?(1?x)?Sg,2?x
H2?Hl,2?(1?x)?Hg,2?x
即有:x?S2?Sl,2?6.7976?1.0912?5.7064?0.8774
Sg,2?Sl,27.5947?1.09126.5035v2?0.8774?3.24?(1?0.8774)?0.0010301?2.8429 m3?kg?1
H2?0.8774?2646.0?(1?0.8774)?340.56?2363.35 kJ?kg?1
③ 作图
T 4MPa 1 50kPa 2 S ④ 若过程在封闭体系进行。由热力学第一定律 ?u?q?w
∵q=0
w??u??(h?pv)??h??(pv)∴
?(2363.35?3215.26)?(50?103?2.8429?4?106?0.08269)?10?3 ??851.91?188.615 ??663.30 kJ?kg?1
即:体系从外界获功663.30 kJ·kg-1