高中化学方程式配平练习大全
配平无机物主要化学反应方程式
§1◆碱金属元素
Na+O2=== Na2O+ O2 Na+O2
Na+S===
Na+H2O== Na2O+H2O===
Na2O2+H2O=== 2H2O2===2H2O+O2.)
Na2O+CO2=== Na2CO3+HCl=== NaHCO3
Li+ O2
NaHCO3 + NaOH== NaOH+ CO2 (少量)== Na2CO3+ Ca(OH)2= NaOH+SO2(足量)=== NaOH+H2S(少量)=== CO2+Ca(OH)2(过量)=== Na2O+HCl=== CaCO3
Fe(OH)3 Cu(OH)2
CaCO3+H2O +CO2= NaOH + FeCl3 ==== §2卤族元素 Cl2+Cu Cl2+Na Cl2 + P
PCl3 Cl2+H2O= Cl2+Ca(OH)2=== Ca(ClO)2+H2O+ CO2(少量)== (此反应分两步:Na2O2+2H2O===2NaOH+H2O2; Na2O2+CO2=== NaHCO3+HCl=== K+H2O===
Na2CO3+ H2O+ CO2 ===
NaOH+ CO2(多量)== NaOH+SO2(少量)=== NaOH+H2S(足量)=== NaOH+HCl=== CO2(过量)+Ca(OH)2=== Na2O+SO3=== MgCO3
Mg(OH)2 Al(OH)3
NaOH + CuSO4 == Cl2+Fe
Cl2 + H2 Cl2 + PCl3
PCl5
Cl2+NaOH===
Cl2+FeCl2 === Ca(ClO)2+2H2O+ CO2(多量)==
Ca(ClO)2+HCl == HClO F2 + H2 === F2 +H2O=== Br2 + H2
I2 + H2
Cl2+NaBr=== Cl2 +K I === HCl + AgNO3 === Br2 + K I == HCl(浓)+MnO2
HCl + AgNO3 ===
NaBr+AgNO3 = NaI + AgNO3 === AgBr
Na2SO3+ H2O +Cl2==
HClO+ H2O+SO2 = §3氧族元素 H2 + SFe + SS + O2
H2O2
Na + S Cu + S O2
O
H2S
H2S+SO2== H2S + O2 (少量)H2S + CuSO4= SO2 + H2O
SO2 + NaOH= Na2SO3 + H2O+SO2 = SO2 + Ca(OH)2 = SO2 + O2 2 Cl2(Br2、I2 类似) + SO2 + H2O= SO3 + H2O = H2S + O2(足量) (Cl2、Br2、I2 、SO2 都可氧化)NaCl+H2SO4(浓) H2SO4(浓) + CFeS2 + O2
H2SO4(浓)+Cu Na2SO3 + O2 =
Na2SO3+H2SO4=
FeS+ HCl= FeS+ H2SO4= Na2SO3+ H2O +Cl2== SO2(少量)+NH3+H2O=== SO2+(NH4)2SO3+H2O=== 即: SO2(足量)+ NH3+H2O=== §4碳族元素 C + O2
点燃
C + O2
高温
点燃
高温
CO + O2
点燃
C+ CuO
C+ Fe2O3 CO+ CuO
加热
CO+ Fe2O3
高温 NaOH + CO2 ====
NaOH + SO2 ==== NaOH + SO3 ==== Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ==== Ca(OH)2 + SO2 ==== CO2 + H2O === C+ H2O 2C+ SiO2
C+CO2
加热
Si +O2
2F2+ Si== SiF4 Si + 4HF== SiF4↑+2H2↑ Si+NaOH+ H2O=
SiO2+NaOH === SiO2+ HF === CaO+ SiO2 SiO2 + CaCO3 §5氮族元素 NH3 + H2O
NH3·H2O
NH4+OH NH3 + O2
+
-
SiO2 + Na2CO3 Na2SiO3 + HCl=
Na2SiO3 ++H2O +CO2==
NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 N2 + H2 N2 + O2
N2 + Mg
NO + O2==
NO2 + H2O == NO + O2 + H2O== NO2 + O2 + H2O == HNO3
Cu+HNO3(浓)== Cu+HNO3(稀)=== C+HNO3(浓) == NH4Cl
NH3 + HCl== HNO3(稀)+Fe(过量)=== HNO3(稀)+Fe(不足)=== NH4HCO3 NO2
N2O4 NaOH+ NH4Cl
NH4NO3 + NaOH
PCl5
(NH4)2SO4 + NaOH Cl2 +P P + O2
PCl3 Cl2 + PCl3
P2O5+ 3H2O
§6几种常见的金属 Al + O2
Al+ HCl===
Al+H2SO4=== Al + NaOH +H2O== Al2O3 + HCl== Al2O3 + NaOH== Al(OH)3 + HCl== Al(OH)3 + NaOH==
Al(OH)3(Fe(OH)3、Cu(OH)2类似)CO2+NaAlO2+H2O=
AlCl3 + NH3·H2O= NaAlO2+HCl+H2O= NaAlO2+AlCl3+H2O= AlCl3+NH3·H2O=== Fe + S Fe + H2OFeCl3+Cu===
FeCl3+H2S(少量)=== FeCl3+KI=== Fe(OH)3
FeCl2+Cl2===
高温
Fe + O2
Fe+HCl===
Fe+CuCl2=== FeCl3+Fe===
Fe(OH)2+ H2O+ O2 == C+ Fe2O3 H2SO3+FeCl3+H2O=== Al +Cr2O3 Al +MnO2 HgO2WO3+H2§7其他章节 CuSO4·5 H2OFeCl3+H2ONaCl+H2O
Fe2O3 + HCl === Fe2O3 + H2SO4 ===
Al + Fe 2O3 Mg+CO2
Ag2O
2NaCl
2Na +Cl2↑
Al2O3
NaOH+FeCl3==
CuSO4 + 5H2O ==== Cu Cl2
Ba (OH)2·8 H2O+ NH4Cl==
配平有机物主要化学反应方程式(带*的暂时不作要求)
1.甲烷和氯气的反应
___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. 乙烯实验室制法(浓硫酸作用___________、____________)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3.乙烯通入溴水中
_____________________________________________________________________ 4. 乙烯和HBr的反应
__________________________________________________________________ 5. 乙烯水化制乙醇
____________________________________________________________________ 6.制取聚乙烯
_________________________________________________________________________
*制取聚丙烯
_________________________________________________________________________
*7.乙炔的制取
_________________________________________________________________________
*其中碳化钙的电子式为____________________
8. 由乙炔制聚氯乙烯
__________________________________________________________________ 9. 苯与液溴反应
_____________________________________________________________________ 10. 苯的硝化反应
____________________________________________________________________ 11. 苯与氢气加成生成环己烷
__________________________________________________________