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上海新世纪英语高二全部课文及重点词组
Additional Reading锛夊
強閲嶇偣璇嶇粍
17. Words and their stories 18. English
proverbs 19. Tips on making a public speech 20. Keep it short for the audience鈥檚 sake 21. Making friends 22. What does friendship mean to westerners? 23. Adjo 24. Ryan, his friends, and his incredible torch run 25. The father of modern physics 26. The survival of the fittest 27. Miracle in the rice field 28. Newton鈥檚 three important laws 29. Oliver wants more (Adapted from Oliver Twist Charles Dickens) 30. Enjoy the classics 31. Is she guilty? (Adapted from The Prince and the Pauper Mark Twain) 32. Mark Twain
17. Words and their stories EAGER
BEAVER An eager beaver is a person who is always willing to do and is excited about doing what is expected of him. Suppose, for example, that a teacher tells his students they each must solve one hundred math problems before coming to school the next day. The children complain about so much homework. But one student does not protest at all. That student is an eager beaver. He loves to do math problems, and does not mind all the homework. The expression is said to have come from the name of a hard-working animal---the beaver. Beavers are strange-looking creatures. They spend a lot of time in the water, building dams to create little lakes or ponds. They use their huge teeth and work hard to cut down trees, remove branches and put them across streams. They use their tails to pack mud on the branches to make the dams solid. Few other animals work so hard. Historians say the beaver had an important part in the settlement of North America. There were hundreds of millions of beavers when European settlers first arrived. The settlers put great value on the fur of beavers. In fact, for two hundred years or more, beavers provided the most valuable fur in North America. Beaver skins often used as money. Young men looking
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for adventure headed west across the country to search for beavers. In their search, they explored much of the western territories. The trading posts, where they exchanged beaver skins for the goods they needed, became villages, and later towns and cities. IT鈥橲 IN THE BAG The bag---one of the simplest and most useful things in every man or woman鈥檚 life---has given the world many strange expressions that are not very simple. A number of these expressions are widely used in the United States today. Some were imported from England a long time ago. When you are sure of something, you can say, 鈥淚t鈥檚 in the bag.鈥?This phrase seemed to have arrived with the modern paper bag. Before, Americans used to say, 鈥淚t鈥檚 all wrapped up.鈥?Then, things you bought were wrapped in plain brown paper, or sometimes in old newspaper. Another widely used expressions is 鈥渢o let the cat out of the bag鈥? meaning to reveal a well-kept secret. No one can explain how the cat got into the bag, or why it remained there. But there is an old story about it. Long ago tradesman sold things in large cloth bags. Once a woman asked for a pig. The tradesman held up his cloth bag. Inside there was supposed to be a live pig. The woman asked to see it. When the dishonest tradesman opened the bag, out jumped a squealing cat, not a pig. The tradesman鈥檚 secret was out: he was tricky, and now everybody knew it. 18. English proverbs Characters Teacher of English: Ms Smith (MS) Students: Li (LI), Mao (MA), Anne (AN), Rivera (RI) MS: Good morning, everyone. I hope you all know what we are here for. The topic of our discussion this morning is 鈥淓nglish Proverbs鈥? LI: So, I鈥檓 in the right group. MA: Me, too. RI: Me, too. MS: But I was told we would have four
nd yet鈥?AN: I鈥檓 coming. Good
morning. Am I late? MS: Morning. 鈥淪peak of angels and you hear their songs.鈥?AN: Is that a proverb referring to my coming? MS: Exactly. LI: We have a saying in Chinese, which I think is very close in meaning鈥?MA: Speak of Cao Cao and he appears. MS: Right. Well, 鈥渇irst things first鈥? A proverb is a traditional saying which offers advice or presents a moral in a short and brief manner. A proverb
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normally is a sentence, into which the writer often works rhyme. For instance, 鈥淓ast or west, home is best.鈥?Sometimes it comes out in the form of a phrase. MA: I鈥檝e seen dictionaries of proverbs. MS: Well, there are thousands of proverbs. They fall into three main categories. Those of the first type take the form of abstract statements. They express general truths. Here are two good examples: 鈥淥ne is never too old to learn.鈥?and 鈥淎 man who neglects his studies in youth will regret it in later years.鈥?RI: I think there is some truth in both proverbs. To encourage a person who has had little education for some reason as a young man, we may use the former. With us, I guess the latter works. MS: So you have to keep this in mind. Never use proverbs out of context. 鈥淥ne man鈥檚 meat is another man鈥檚 poison.鈥?LI: I see. Then, what is the second type? MS: The second type uses specific observations from everyday experience to make a general point. AN: 鈥淒on鈥檛 put all your eggs in one basket.鈥?Does it fall into the second category? MS: You鈥檙e right, dear. Then the third type consists of sayings from particular areas of traditional customs and beliefs. 鈥淎fter dinner, rest a while; after supper, walk a mile.鈥?is an example of this type. Such proverbs are often related to agriculture, the seasons, and the weather. LI: Many people hold the opinion that proverbs are going out of fashion. Is that true? MS: The fact is, as some old ones are falling into disuse, new ones are being created. The computer world has recently given us lots of them. AN: I鈥檝e got one: 鈥淩ubbish in, rubbish out.鈥?MA: It also goes 鈥淕arbage in, garbage out.鈥?MS: I think it is more common to say 鈥淕arbage in, garbage out.鈥?Well, I hope, today 鈥淵ou鈥檒l have something nice out as you have had something nice in.鈥?AN: Thank you, Ms Smith. By the way, do we have an assignment as usual? MS: Yes. You are to collect some proverbs of the first type, that is, proverbs that express general truths. LI: I鈥檇 like to collect some on studies. MS: Good! I鈥檓 so glad to have been with you. (To the four students) 鈥淪trike while the iron is hot.鈥?See you next week. 19. Tips on making a public
上海新世纪英语高二全部课文及重点词组
