篇一:扫烟囱的孩子
掃煙囪的孩子(The Chimney Sweeper (Innocence) William Blake)
當我非常小的時候母親就去世了,
When my mother died I was very young,
而當父親把我賣掉時我也只能喊叫。
And my father sold me while yet my tongue,
在喊叫中不斷地哭泣哭泣哭泣,
Could scarcely cry weep weep weep weep,
就這樣我幫人清掃煙囪並睡在煤灰裡。
So your chimneys I sweep & in soot I sleep.
來了個名叫湯姆?達客的小男孩,他低聲哭叫
Theres little Tom Dacre, who cried when his head
他那柔軟如羊毛似的捲髮被剪掉了
That curled like a lambs back was shav'd, so I said.
我說:嗨!湯姆,不要在乎頭髮嘛!你的頭髮沒了,
Hush Tom never mind it, for when your head's bare,
就知道煤灰不再會弄髒你的白(金)髮
You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair
他安靜了下來,而且就在那一夜
And so he was quiet. & that very night.
當湯姆沉睡時,他看到這樣的一幅圖像
As Tom was a sleeping he had such a sight
千百個掃煙囪的小孩,有狄克、喬伊、涅德與傑克
That thousands of sweepers Dick, Joe, Ned, & Jack
都被深鎖在一個個漆黑的棺木盒。
Were all of them lock'd up in coffins of black,
突然來了一位天使,帶著一把明亮的鑰匙
And by came an Angel who had a bright key
打開了棺木盒,讓所有的小孩全然自由
And he open'd the coffins & set them all free.
置身在翠綠的草原上盡情歡笑盡情雀躍
Then down a green plain leaping laughing they run
他們在溪流中沐浴著,在陽光下閃耀著
And wash in a river and shine in the Sun.
他們把工具袋拋在一旁,裸露身體,全身白淨
Then naked & white, all their bags left behind.
他們在雲間跳躍,在風中嬉鬧
They rise upon clouds, and sport in the wind.
天使告訴湯姆,如果他是一個乖小孩
And the Angel told Tom, if he'd be a good boy,
上帝會是他的父親,並且歡樂永不缺
He'd have God for his father & never want joy.
湯姆醒來,大夥也在黑暗中起床
And so Tom awoke and we rose in the dark
背上工具袋,帶著掃把一起去工作
And got with our bags & our brushes to work.
儘管清晨時刻寒意刺骨,湯姆卻快樂又溫暖
Tho' the morning was cold, Tom was happy & warm
只要完成工作,他們就不再懼怕傷害
So if all do their duty, they need not fear harm.
參考資料:</poem/the-chimney-sweeper-innocence/>
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欣賞:這首詩是英國詩人布雷克(William Blake, 1757-
1827)在一七八九年所寫的,詩中深刻表達人性關懷的一面。在18、19世紀的英國,常常有孩童在清晨時分,沿街喊著:「掃煙囪!掃煙囪!」主要是壁爐點火燃燒木炭之後會產生煤灰和煤渣,在狹窄的煙囪通道裡必須要有小孩進去清理,於是那些生活在困苦的孩子就要擔負起這樣的工作。這和19世紀格林童話灰姑娘的故事真是不謀而合,女主角之所以被稱為「灰姑娘」,就是因為她被折磨得像是一位掃煤灰的女孩,還好整篇故事讓她麻雀變鳳凰,這樣的結局不知道慰藉了多少中低階層的人家。當然詩人布雷克也不是省油的燈,藉由詩的敏銳感觸也讓掃煙囪的孩子找到生命的願景(vision)和希望。
这首诗是透过小孩的口吻叙述另一位名叫汤姆?达客的小男孩的遭遇。在此,达客的英文名字(Dacre)是与「黑色」(Dark)相谐音,自有明确的言外之意可说;同时,这首诗更以黑色的棺木暗喻扫烟囱的小孩所置身的煤灰世界,而有批评家就认为把小孩染黑的煤灰代表着人性的残酷(human
cruelty)。整首诗最哀婉动人的情节,莫过于达客牺牲原有的金黄柔软的卷发,以换取工作上的方便,因为光着头就不怕被煤灰弄脏,也容易清理。其次,天使的勉励劝慰也已让人感受到一丝无可奈何的凄然,因此当结尾时,扫烟囱的小孩显现出由着期待与憧憬所带来的快乐与安详,就真的让人有「人生到此,天道宁论」(江淹〈恨赋〉)的感慨了!做为阅读者,我们确切知道扫烟囱小孩最终的期待与憧憬在此世是永不可能实现的了。但是,布雷克写诗的原意并不在控诉,他祇想写一种情境,一种让人为之不忍的情境。然而,诗歌艺术表现手法中,借着对比矛盾情境的经营所可能造成的「反讽」效果,就在布雷克的扫烟囱小孩这种天真素朴的语调中沉沉浮现。
布雷克的〈扫烟囱的小孩〉是与其它的诗作合刊,再加上他亲手绘制的二十七幅图板,而以《天真之歌》(Songs of
Innocence)为题发行。随后,在公元一八二四年由英国另一位重要的散文作家兰姆(Charles Lamb, 1775-
1834)推荐,放入当时反抗「社会不公义」的社会运动宣导手册之中,做为向国会议员游说废除童工的资料。【这一份社会运动宣导手册是由James Montgomery所编辑,题为《扫烟囱者之友》(Chimney Sweeper’s Friend and Climbing Boy’s
Album),有意了解这一段社会运动的相关资料,或许可以参考。】据说扫烟囱小孩的平均年寿很短,
更大多数的孩童是在畸形或肺疾的病痛中度过仅存的岁月。英国议会终于在一八四零年的八月七日通过立法废除童工制,而与「哭泣(weep)」谐音同韵的扫烟囱小孩就此正式消失在英国的大街小巷中。
剥削与压榨所形成的社会不公义,可以各种不同的形式出现,有时当我们专力注视着宏伟的建筑与数字的成长,我们或许容易忽略、或许也看不见个人身旁随处即有的不义;更有些不义是那么样的细微与细致,而让我们几乎查觉不到它们的确存在。同理,文学艺术工作者可以向我们渲染人性与文明的理性进展,也可以孤芳自赏的诉说着个人的救赎,但应该也有人可以向我们娓娓点醒不同生活中隐约可见的摧折与哭泣。于此,唐代诗人白居易(772-
846)倡议「文章合为时而着,歌诗合为事而作」的创作理则或许仍有它的理想性与适用性。我们可能无法确切知悉当英国国会面对社会运动的抗争时,是否曾把参与抗争的团体或人群视为刁顽,但是我们或可想象国会议员当中有人在宴会后在深夜里的清明时刻,突地读到了布雷克的〈扫烟囱的小孩〉,而内心感受到微微一震,历史走向就此不一样了。此时此地,当我们的国会议员祇有忙着与行政人员玩着相互抗争与看图识人的游戏时,我们仍否可以天真的期待与憧憬其中有人读到了诗看到了生活,而且内心感受到了微微的一震?
篇二:读《扫烟囱的孩子》有感
今天我读了《爱的教育》中《扫烟囱的孩子》这篇文章,读后,使我印象很深刻。 这篇文章主要讲的是一所女子小
学正放学的时候,小作者和三个二年级女学生碰见一个扫烟囱的孩子因把扫了几家烟囱挣的三十个索尔多弄丢了,回去又怕他师傅骂他,正在面对墙伤心地哭呢。女孩子们都很同情他,当她们知道了事情的经过之后,都为他感到难过,于是大家商量着便你一个索尔多,我两个索尔多地把自己准备买本子的钱都掏了出来给这个小男孩凑起来。最后她们在路过这里的四、五年级的学生的帮助下,终于把小男孩丢的钱凑够了,而且钱的总数还远远超过了三十个索尔多。
读完这篇文章后,我被这些女孩子们关爱他人、不惜牺牲自己的利益为别人带来幸福快乐的高尚品质深深感动了。是的,我们应该学习她们这种乐于助人的崇高精神。
篇三:The Chimney Sweeper 扫烟囱孩子
The Chimney Sweeper扫烟囱孩子
--William Blake--威廉.布莱克
The Chimney Sweeper is the title of two poems by William Blake, published in Songs of
Innocence in 1789 and Songs of Experience in 1794.In the earlier poem, a young chimney
sweeper recounts a dream had by one of his fellows, in which an angel rescues the boys from
coffins and takes them to a sunny meadow; in the later poem, an apparently adult speaker
encounters a child chimney sweeper abandoned in the snow while his parents are at church.
When my mother died I was very young, 我母亲死的时候,我还小得很很
And my father sold me while yet my tongue我父亲把我拿出来卖给了别人,
Could scarcely cry 'weep! 'weep! 'weep 我当时还不大喊得清,“扫呀扫扫!
So your chimneys I sweep, and in soot I sleep.我就扫你们烟囱,裹煤屑睡觉。
There's little Tom Dacre, who cried when his head, 有个小托姆,头发卷得像小羊头,
That curled like a lamb's back, was shaved: so I said, 剃光的时候,哭得好伤心,好难受,
"Hush, Tom! never mind it, for when your head's bare, 我就说:“小托姆,不要紧,光了脑袋,
You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair." 打起来煤屑就不会糟踏你白头发。”
And so he was quiet; and that very night,他就安安静静了,当天夜里,
As Tom was a-sleeping, he had such a sight, - 托姆睡着了,事情就来得稀奇,
That thousands of sweepers, Dick, Joe, Ned, and Jack, 他看见千千万万的扫烟囱小孩
Were all of them locked up in coffins of black.阿猫阿狗全都给锁进了黑棺材。
And by came an angel who had a bright key, 后来来了个天使,拿了把金钥匙,
And he opened the coffins and set them all free; 开棺材放出了孩子们(真是好天使!)
Then down a green plain leaping, laughing, they run,他们就边跳,边笑,边跑过草坪,
And wash in a river, and shine in the sun. 到河里洗了澡,太阳里晒得亮晶晶。
Then naked and white, all their bags left behind,光光的,白白的,把袋子都抛个一,
They rise upon clouds and sport in the wind; 他们就升上了云端,在风里游戏;
And the angel told Tom, if he'd be a good boy,“只要你做个好孩子,”天使对托姆说,
He'd have God for his father, and never want joy.“上帝会做你的父亲,你永远快乐。”
And so Tom awoke; and we rose in the dark, 托姆就醒了;屋子里黑咕隆咚,
And got with our bags and our brushes to work.我们就起来拿袋子、扫帚去做工。
Though the morning was cold, Tom was happy and warm; 大清早尽管冷,托姆的心里可温暖;
So if all do their duty they need not fear harm. 这叫做:各尽本分,就不怕灾难。
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