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大变局中的中国外交：使命与担当

China’s Foreign Policy in a Fast Changing World: Mission and Responsibility

外交部副部长乐玉成在第八届世界和平论坛午餐会上的演讲

Speech by Vice Foreign Minister Le Yucheng at the Lunch Meeting of the Eighth World Peace Forum

2019年7月8日

8 July 2019

尊敬的陈旭主任，

尊敬的各位嘉宾，

女士们，先生们，朋友们，

Professor Chen Xu, Chairperson of the Tsinghua University Council,

Distinguished Guests,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Friends,

很高兴再次出席世界和平论坛，与各位新老朋友相聚一堂。本届世界和平论坛的主题是“稳定国际秩序：共担、共治、共享”。我依然清晰记得，去年，也是在这里，我们纵论天下大势和中国外交，大家对形势最突出的感受是“三不”：不确定、不稳定、不可预测。遗憾的是，一年过去了，国际局势依然乱变交织、阴云密布，各种不稳定不确定因素还在蔓延，世界仍面临着何去何从的艰难选择。考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。

It gives me great pleasure to come back to the World Peace Forum and share my thoughts with so many friends, old and new. The theme this year for the Forum, namely, “Stabilizing the World order: Common Responsibilities, Joint Management, and Shared Benefits” reminded me of our discussions here last year on the international situation and China’s foreign policy. The general feeling then was that international developments could be characterized by three words starting with “u”: uncertain, unstable and unpredictable. Unfortunately, as we meet again one year later, the situation has remained in a flux. Dark clouds have not cleared away, and destabilizing factors and uncertainties continue to widen. Some hard choices are yet to be made about where our world will be headed.

人类对于未来的选择，总是基于对过去的理解。回首100年前，一战的硝烟刚刚散去就建立了以国际联盟为支柱的凡尔赛体系，以期“开辟永久和平”。然而，“理想很丰满，现实很骨感”，仅仅20年，第二次世界大战就爆发了。凡尔赛体系未能有效制止战争的一个重要原因是，有关国家唯本国利益至上，甚至相互以邻为壑，竞相转嫁危机。国联形同虚设，多边协调失效。教训极其深刻。

The choices humankind makes about the future are usually based on its understanding of the past. A hundred years ago, in the immediate aftermath of the First World War, the Versailles System with the League of Nations as its pillar was established to create “durable peace”. Yet we all know “what happens to ideals when they confront the reality”. Just 20 years later, the Second World War broke out. An important reason why the Versailles System failed to prevent the war was that countries concerned put their own interests above those of others, or even took a beggar-thy-neighbor approach to shift the crisis onto others, which made it next to impossible for the League of Nations and multilateral coordination to function properly. These lessons were learned the hard way.

今天，世界又一次面临乱变交织的危机和挑战。我们该如何应对?上世纪凡尔赛体系失败的教训殷鉴不远。我们不能再重蹈历史的覆辙，不能再上演单边主义和保护主义的老剧本。更何况我们已经生活在各国相互依存不断加深的全球化时代，人类已经形成休戚与共的命运共同体。如果把世界多年形成的网络化联系和产业链协同当作威胁的武器，国家间大搞关税战、贸易战，甚至金融战、科技战，那就是开历史的倒车，后果极其危险。我们切不可因一时的短视而犯下不可挽回的历史性错误，将人类带入灾难的深渊。

Today, our world is once again confronted with crises and challenges brought by disorder and change. How should we respond? The failure of the Versailles System is not far behind us. We cannot let history repeat itself or witness a replay of the old script of unilateralism and protectionism, particularly when we now live in a globalized world where countries are increasingly interdependent and the entire humanity belongs in one community with a shared future. If countries allow the networks and the collaborative industrial chain that have been formed over the years to be turned into weapons against each other, or if more tariff wars, trade wars, or even financial and technology wars were to break out, our world would regress to the bad old ways with extremely dangerous consequences. We should never be blinded by myopia and make irreversible mistakes leading to catastrophes.

事实上，面对前所未有的挑战，多边主义日益成为国际社会的广泛共识。刚刚结束的二十国集团领导人大阪峰会又一次发出了支持多边主义的主流声音。如何践行多边主义?我认为，首先要有制度保障。没有制度也就没有秩序。要维护以联合国为核心、以国际法为基础的国际体系，维护以世界贸易组织为核心、以规则为基础的多边贸易体制。现行的国际秩序虽然不尽完美，需要改革完善，但不能全盘推翻、各行其是、为所欲为，那样将会天下大乱。其次要有合作精神。全球性问题需要全球性合作应对，没有哪个大力士能够包打天下。必须同舟共济、共同划桨，才能乘风破浪到达彼岸。三是要有共赢意识。国际社会就是一个大家庭，应该有难同当、有福同享。零和博弈、赢者通吃行不通，追求利益最大化和本国利益至上的结果只能是冲突和战争。

Fortunately, in the face of unprecedented challenges, there is a growing consensus among the international community for upholding multilateralism. The just concluded G20 Osaka Summit, for example, sent a resounding message of supporting multilateralism. How, then, should we effectively put multilateralism to action? I think first and foremost, there needs to be a sound institutional basis, without which order would be elusive. We need to uphold the international system with the United Nations at the core and governed by international law, and uphold the rules-based multilateral trading system with the WTO at its center. Although it is far from perfect and requires reform and improvement, yet the existing international order should not be overturned. If each country takes things into its own hands, the world would be plunged into utter chaos. Secondly, we need a spirit of cooperation. Global issues require global responses. No country can go it alone, however mighty it may be. We must work together like rowers in the same boat in order to brave the waves and reach the shores of success. Thirdly, we need to follow a win-win approach. The international community needs to shoulder shared responsibilities and seek mutual benefits as members of a big family would do. Zero-sum games and the winner-take-all approach would lead nowhere. Trying to maximize one’s own interests and put them above those of others would only lead to conflict and war.

多边主义与习近平主席倡导的人类命运共同体内涵一致、理念相通，符合共商共建共享的全球治理观，有利于推动建设相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系。实践已经并将进一步证明，践行多边主义是人间正道，构建人类命运共同体是大势所趋。

There exists extensive commonality between the principles of multilateralism and President Xi Jinping’s call for building a community with a shared future for mankind. The values of multilateralism further accord well with the concept of global governance based on extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits and are instrumental to shaping a new type of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness, justice and win-win cooperation. History has and will continue to prove that multilateralism points the right way forward and the building of a community with a shared future for mankind is an inexorable trend of our times.

女士们，先生们，朋友们，

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Friends,

中国讲究知行合一。中国始终是世界和平的建设者、全球发展的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者。过去一年，尽管自身遇到一系列难题和挑战，但中国外交致力于同各国加强互利合作的承诺没有变，维护世界和平、促进共同发展的使命担当没有变，而且更有作为，更有实效。

China is a country that always matches its commitments with actions. It has always been a promoter of world peace, a contributor to global development and an upholder of the international order. Over the past year, despite the difficulties and challenges China encountered, our commitment to enhancing mutually beneficial cooperation with all other countries has remained unchanged, so have our efforts to fulfill our responsibilities to world peace and common development. If anything, we have only done more and delivered greater results on both fronts.

我们坚定捍卫多边主义和自由贸易。面对逆全球化思潮上升、保护主义和单边主义蔓延的严峻挑战，习近平主席在二十国集团领导人峰会、亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议、首届中国国际进口博览会等场合，铿锵有力发出了中国坚定捍卫多边主义和自由贸易的时代强音，主动引领全球治理体系变革方向。积极推动合作共赢的经济全球化，建设开放型世界经济。携手各方落实2030年可持续发展议程和气候变化《巴黎协定》，谋求各国共同发展与繁荣。

We have firmly upheld multilateralism and free trade. Facing the growing backlash against globalization and the serious challenge of rising protectionism and unilateralism, President Xi Jinping sent out a clear and consistent message at the G20 Summit, the APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting, the first China International Import Expo and other occasions of China’s firm commitment to safeguard multilateralism and free trade and steer the reform of the global governance system in a proactive manner. President Xi called for actively promoting economic globalization based on mutually beneficial cooperation and the building of an open world economy. The Chinese side has further worked with all other parties to implement the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change to pursue development and prosperity for all countries.

我们致力于高质量共建“一带一路”。坚持共商共建共享原则，践行开放、绿色、廉洁理念，努力实现高标准、惠民生、可持续目标。最近世界银行发布“一带一路’经济学”报告，认为“一带一路”交通项目全部完成后，沿线国家交通时间将减少12%，贸易增长2.8 – 9.7%，实际收入增长1.2-3.4%，760万人将摆脱极端贫困。这表明，“一带一路”有效促进了有关国家和地区经济增长、民生改善、基础设施联通，甚至改变了很多普通人的命运。在马拉维北部的齐姆科贝尔村，近一个世纪以来，村民们一直是头顶水桶到一公里外的水源打水。是中国工人来到该村修建起崭新的水井。在地下水涌出井口的那一刻，村民们激动地说“我们再也不用光着脚走山路了。”中国援建的马拉维600眼水井项目为当地6个地区15万人提供了清洁的饮用水。

We have advanced high-quality “Belt and Road” cooperation. Adhering to the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, we have engaged in open, green and clean “Belt and Road” cooperation to deliver high-standard and sustainable outcomes beneficial to people’s livelihood. According to the recent World Bank report on “Belt and Road” economics, once the transport corridors are fully completed, travel time along the corridors will shrink by 12 percent, trade will be up by 2.8 to 9.7 percent, people’s real income will increase by 1.2 to 3.4 percent and 7.6 million people will be lifted out of extreme poverty in participating countries. This shows that “Belt and Road” cooperation is an effective contributor to the economic growth, higher living standards and infrastructure connectivity of countries and regions involved. It is changing the lives of many local people. For example, in a village called Chimkombero in northern Malawi, for nearly a century, people there had to walk with buckets on their heads for about a kilometer to a hand-dug shallow well to get drinking water. Then came Chinese workers who drilled a new borehole for them. The moment fresh water came gushing out of the borehole, the villagers were so excited that they said, “We no longer had to walk such a long distance on bare foot to get water.” The 600 boreholes China has helped to drill in Malawi are now providing clean drinking water to 150,000 people in six local districts.

我们开启中俄关系新时代。今年6月初，在中俄建交70周年的历史节点，习近平主席访问俄罗斯，实现两国元首6年来近30次会晤。此访为中俄关系确立新定位、实现新拓展、树立新目标。中俄宣布发展新时代全面战略协作伙伴关系，持续推进战略性大项目，扩大科技创新合作深度和广度，推动双边贸易额向2000亿美元迈进。中俄关系处于历史最好时期，政治互信和战略协作达到前所未有新高度。

We have ushered in a new era for China-Russia relations. This year being the 70th anniversary of China-Russia diplomatic ties, President Xi Jinping visited Russia in early June and met President Putin for nearly the 30th time in six years. President Xi’s visit set a new characterization of China-Russia relations, achieved new progress and set new targets for bilateral cooperation. China and Russia vowed to develop a comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for a new era, advance cooperation on major strategic projects, expand and deepen cooperation on technological innovation, and work to increase two-way trade to US$200 billion. The China-Russia relationship is at its best in history, with political mutual trust and strategic coordination reaching a new high.

我们与欧洲合力应对全球性挑战。习近平主席将欧洲作为今年出访的首站，中法德欧领导人同台聚首，就全球治理、多边主义、自由贸易等问题达成广泛共识，一致同意加强在联合国框架内的协调合作，充分发挥二十国集团等多边机制的建设性作用，在推动政治解决国际争端、应对气候变化、促进可持续发展等方面积极担当有为。中欧领导人向世界发出了加强互信、深化合作、合力应对全球挑战的有力信号。

We have worked with Europe to address global challenges. President Xi Jinping chose Europe as the destination of his first overseas trip this year. He met with leaders from France, Germany and the EU, where they reached extensive consensus on global governance, multilateralism and free trade. They agreed to strengthen coordination and cooperation at the UN, fully leverage the constructive role of the G20 and other multilateral mechanisms to do more in seeking political settlement of international disputes, addressing climate change and promoting sustainable development. This sent out a strong signal at the leadership level of China and Europe working to enhance mutual trust, deepen cooperation and meet global challenges.

我们着力构建周边命运共同体。中国同日本、印度关系获得双提升。习近平主席出席二十国集团领导人大阪峰会期间同安倍晋三首相举行会晤，达成推动两国关系进一步发展的十点共识。安倍晋三首相邀请习近平主席明年春天对日本进行国事访问。中印领导人年内将举行非正式会晤，擘画中印关系新蓝图。中国—东盟战略伙伴关系进入成熟期，区域全面经济伙伴关系协定谈判驶入快车道，中日韩自贸协定谈判进程加快推进。上海合作组织影响持续扩大，成为团结互信、安危共担、互利共赢、包容互鉴的地区合作机制典范。

We have stepped up efforts to build a community with a shared future with neighboring countries. China has improved relations with both Japan and India. President Xi Jinping met with Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on the sidelines of the G20 Osaka Summit and reached a ten-point common understanding on further growing bilateral relations. Prime Minister Abe invited President Xi to pay a state visit to Japan in spring next year. President Xi and Prime Minister Modi will have an informal summit this year to chart the future course of China-India relations. The China-ASEAN strategic partnership is entering a mature phase. Negotiations on the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership are being brought forward and those on a China-Japan-ROK free trade agreement are picking up pace. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is expanding its influence and becoming a good example of regional cooperation featuring unity, mutual trust, shared security, mutual benefit and inclusiveness.

我们推动南南合作迈上新台阶。在去年9月举行的中非合作论坛北京峰会上，中非双方50多位领导人共聚一堂，共商中非合作大计，共度“中非友好黄金周”。峰会成果正在积极落实并呈现出“早见效、高标准、惠民生”的可喜态势。我们用铁一般的事实向世界证明，中非友谊牢不可破。依托77国集团加中国、金砖国家等重要的南南合作平台，中国同阿拉伯、拉美、南太等各地区发展中国家的友好合作不断获得新动力。

We have elevated South-South cooperation to a new height. In September last year, over 50 leaders from China and Africa gathered at the FOCAC Beijing Summit to discuss China-Africa cooperation and jointly celebrated “a golden week of China-Africa friendship”. Since then, the follow-up actions have been actively implemented, producing early and high-quality results and making a visible difference for the livelihood of local communities. With such iron-clad facts, we have demonstrated to the world that the friendship between China and Africa remains unbreakable as ever. Supported by key South-South cooperation platforms, including the G77+China and BRICS, China’s friendly relations and cooperation with developing countries in the Arab region, Latin America, the South Pacific and other regions are showing renewed momentum.

我们积极促进政治解决热点问题。习近平总书记、国家主席对朝鲜进行国事访问，是党的十八大以来中国最高领导人首次访朝，有力巩固和传承了中朝传统友谊，也为推动半岛问题政治解决进程、维护半岛和平稳定发挥了重要而独特的作用。我们坚定站在国际法和国际道义一边，坚定维护伊朗核全面协议，维护中东地区和平与稳定。我们还积极劝和促谈，推动缅北、阿富汗、叙利亚、巴以等问题政治解决进程。

We have actively promoted the political settlement of hotspot issues. General Secretary and President Xi Jinping’s recent state visit to the DPRK, the first visit to the country by China’s top leader after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, has not only carried forward and cemented the traditional friendship between the two countries, but also played an important and unique role in advancing the political settlement of the Korean peninsula issue and maintaining peace and stability on the peninsula. On the Iranian nuclear issue, we stand firmly by international law and justice, and worked to uphold the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and peace and stability in the Middle East. We have also actively facilitated peace talks and promoted the political settlement of such issues as northern Myanmar, Afghanistan, Syria and that between Palestine and Israel.

过去一年，中国一直坚定地与世界并肩前行，一直执着地与各国同心协力，直面变革与动荡的考验，培育和平与增长的力量，尤其是元首外交发挥了不可替代的战略引领作用。刚刚过去的6月，习近平主席前所未有地接连四次出访，出席双、多边峰会等各类活动上百场，为世界和平而奔波，为全球治理而操劳，以实际行动坚守中国外交的初心与使命，展现中国的大国责任与担当。

Over the past year, China has stayed firmly committed to the common good of the world and working with other countries in concert to face up to changes and turbulence and strengthen the force for peace and growth. In particular, the summit diplomacy provided an irreplaceable strategic guidance in this process. This June alone, President Xi Jinping made unprecedented four overseas trips and attended more than 100 bilateral and multilateral events, making selfless efforts for the cause of world peace and global governance. With concrete actions, President Xi has stayed true to the original aspiration and goals of China’s diplomacy and demonstrated China’s sense of responsibility and mission as a major country.

女士们，先生们，朋友们，

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Friends,

今年是中美建交40周年。40年中美关系的发展变化超过了当年任何最大胆的预测，不仅给两国带来巨大利益，也在很大程度上改变了世界。40年中美关系发展历程给我们最大的启示就是中美合则两利，斗则俱伤，合作比摩擦好，对话比对抗好。当前中美关系正处于建交以来最复杂敏感的时期，中美关系未来走向攸关两国和世界的前途命运。正如习近平主席所指出的，我们有一千个理由把中美关系搞好，没有一条理由把它搞坏。借此机会我想指出：

This year marks the 40th anniversary of China-US diplomatic relations. In the past four decades, this relationship has come a long way, outperforming even the wildest predictions back then. It has not only brought huge benefits to both countries, but also changed the world in profound ways. For us, the biggest revelation from this 40-year journey is this: China and the US both stand to gain from cooperation and lose from confrontation; and cooperation and dialogue is always better than friction and confrontation. China-US relations is now going through the most complex and sensitive period since diplomatic relations were formalized four decades ago. How things play out will significantly impact the future of both countries and that of the world. As President Xi Jinping pointed out, there are 1,000 reasons to make China-US relations work, but not a single reason to derail them. Taking this opportunity, I would like to share a few observations.

第一，美国当前面临的问题，不是中国之过。9·11事件后，美国发动阿富汗和伊拉克战争，深陷中东乱局，耗资数万亿美元，导致战略透支。2008年国际金融危机暴露了美国经济社会深层次矛盾，经济失衡、贫富分化、基础设施老化等问题都各有其因，但都不是中国造成的，不能把中国当替罪羊。

First, the challenges currently facing the US cannot be blamed on China. After 9/11, the United States waged wars against Afghanistan and Iraq. Those two wars have left the US deeply mired in the turmoils of the Middle East, costed it trillions of dollars, and sapped its strategic strength. The 2008 global financial crisis exposed the deep-seated imbalances in the US economy and society. Problems such as economic disparity, widening wealth gap and aging infrastructure all have their own reasons, but none were caused by China. China should not be made a scapegoat for them.

第二，以加税、脱钩相威胁，不是解决问题的“药方”。中方一直诚心诚意同美方进行经贸谈判，管控分歧，但谈判应该是平等的，结果应是平衡的、互利的，体现相互尊重、互谅互让，照顾各自合理关切。在涉及中国主权和尊严的问题上，中国必须维护自己的核心利益。中国决不会接受一个限制自身发展、阻挡中华民族复兴的屈辱协议。中方维护自身正当合法利益的决心和意志是坚定的。极限施压也好，冷战威胁也罢，都吓不倒我们。

Second, threat of tariffs and decoupling is not the solution. China has been engaging in the trade negotiations with the US in good faith to manage our differences. However, the negotiations should be on an equal footing, and their outcomes should be balanced, mutually beneficial, and demonstrate mutual respect and accommodation of each other’s legitimate concerns. When its sovereignty and dignity are at stake, China must safeguard its core interests. There is no way that China will accept a humiliating agreement that will hold back its development and national rejuvenation. The Chinese side is determined to safeguard its legitimate rights and interests. Nothing, be it maximum pressure or threat of another Cold War, will intimidate us.

第三，把中国当敌人，不是理性之举。中美经贸摩擦的背后，是一个如何从战略上认识对方的问题。中美两国作为世界第一大和第二大经济体，利益高度交融，合作领域广阔，应该相互促进、共同发展，把中国视为敌人是十分愚蠢的，后果也将是灾难性的。“让美国再次伟大”和中华民族伟大复兴这两个历史进程完全可以并行不悖，中美完全可以相互成就，共同“伟大”。

Third, taking China as an enemy is not a rational approach. Behind the China-US trade friction is the underlying issue of strategic perception. China and the US, as the top two economies in the world with closely intertwined interests and broad areas of cooperation, should work together for common progress and development. Viewing China as an enemy cannot be more unwise and would only lead to disastrous consequences. “Making America great again” and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation are two historic processes that may well go hand in hand. It is entirely possible for China and the US to help each other succeed and achieve “greatness” together .

日前，习近平主席与特朗普总统在大阪举行成功会晤，两国元首就事关中美关系发展的根本性问题交换了意见，为下阶段两国关系发展定向把舵。双方同意继续推进以协调、合作、稳定为基调的中美关系，并宣布重启经贸磋商。这些重要共识向国际社会发出了积极和正面信号，也受到各方的欢迎和支持。我们要按照两国元首确定的原则共识，牢牢把握双边关系发展的正确方向，在相互尊重、互利互惠的基础上加强战略沟通，增进相互了解，拓展各领域合作，妥善管控分歧，推动中美关系行稳致远，造福两国和世界。

Recently, President Xi and President Trump had a successful meeting in Osaka, during which they exchanged views on the fundamental issues bearing on China-US relations and set out the future course for this relationship. The two sides agreed to continue pursuing a China-US relationship based on coordination, cooperation and stability and announced the resumption of trade consultations. These important understandings sent a positive message and are welcomed and supported by the international community. Now the task for both sides is to follow through on the principled consensus reached by the two presidents and keep to the right direction of China-US relations. The two sides need to strengthen strategic communication on the basis of mutual respect and mutual benefit to deepen mutual understanding, expand cooperation in various areas, and properly manage differences. This will go a long way to promoting steady progress of China-US relationship to the benefit of both countries and the wider world.

女士们，先生们，朋友们，

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Friends,

今年是中华人民共和国成立70周年。70年砥砺奋进，70年风雨兼程。在中国共产党的领导下，中国人民自力更生、艰苦奋斗，创造了举世瞩目的伟大成就。中国跃升为世界第二大经济体，4亿多人跨入中等收入行列，近8亿人脱贫。到2020年年底要实现现有标准下农村贫困人口全部脱贫。中国从此将告别绝对贫困，这是人类发展和减贫史上的伟大奇迹。明年，我们将全面建成小康社会，实现第一个百年奋斗目标，中国人民对美好生活的向往正逐渐变成现实。

This year, we celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. It has been seven decades of relentless progress despite trials and tribulations. Led by the Communist Party of China, we the Chinese people have made great achievements through self reliance and hard work, making China the second largest economy in the world, cultivating a middle income population of over 400 million, and lifting some 800 million people out of poverty. By the end of 2020, we will have taken all rural residents living below the current poverty line out of poverty, putting an end to absolute poverty in our country and creating a miracle in the history of development and poverty reduction. We are also on course to attain the first centenary goal by 2020, i.e. completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. The Chinese people are getting closer and closer to realizing their aspirations for a better life.

中国的发展对世界是机遇和贡献，绝不是什么挑战和威胁。习近平主席已多次向世界庄严承诺，中国开放的大门不会关上，只会越开越大。日前在二十国集团领导人大阪峰会上，习近平主席又宣布了一系列对外开放新举措。相信世界将见证，中国不会构筑任何高墙，也不会和任何国家脱钩。相反，中国的关税水平会更低，负面清单更短，市场准入更便利，市场规则更透明。一个更加开放的中国，将同世界形成更加积极的互动，也将给世界创造更多机遇，作出更大贡献。

China’s development means opportunities and contributions to the world, rather than a challenge or threat. As President Xi Jinping has reaffirmed on many occasions, China’s door will not be closed, but will only open wider to the world. At the G20 Osaka Summit, President Xi Jinping announced further steps of opening up. I am confident that the world will come to see that China, instead of building walls or decoupling with other countries, will continue to bring down its tariff rates, shorten the negative lists, expand market access and make market rules more transparent. A more open China that actively interacts with the rest of the world will bring more opportunities, and make greater contributions to the world.

女士们，先生们，朋友们，

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Friends,

“登高壮观天地间，大江茫茫去不还。”站在21世纪第三个十年的历史关口，面对激流险滩和狂风骤雨，中国这艘巨轮将继续乘风破浪、坚定笃行，为世界大变局注入更多稳定性、为国际秩序变革贡献更强正能量、为全球发展提供更大新动力。

As a Chinese poem goes, “As we stand high and look far, the unstoppable tide of history, like in a mighty river, surges ever forward.” As we are about to enter the third decade of the 21st century, the journey ahead might be beset with dangerous rapids and storms, but China will stay its course and move forward by riding the waves and braving the storms. We will serve as an even stronger stabilizing force in this fast changing world, injecting greater positive energy for the evolution of the international order and a more powerful impetus for global development.

谢谢大家!

Thank you!

2020年翻译资格考试一级口译实务材料

坚持和平与合作 构建人类命运共同体

Upholding Peace and Cooperation and Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

中华人民共和国副主席王岐山在第八届世界和平论坛开幕式上的致辞

Speech by H.E. Wang Qishan, Vice President of the People’s Republic of China at the Opening Ceremony of the Eighth World Peace Forum

清华大学，2019年7月8日

Tsinghua University, 8 July 2019

各位嘉宾：

Distinguished Guests,

大家好!很高兴出席第八届世界和平论坛。

Good Morning! It is my great pleasure to attend the Eighth World Peace Forum.

当今世界正处于大发展大变革大调整之中，国际环境总体稳定，大国关系深入调整;经济全球化持续发展，保护主义抬头、民粹思潮泛滥;世界多极化加速推进，地缘博弈和地区动荡加剧;新科技新思潮不断涌现，人类生产生活方式深刻变化。有人回望百年，忧心二战结束以来的国际秩序正濒于崩溃，说人类再次走到了十字路口。

We meet at a time of major development, transformation and adjustment in the world. While the international environment remains generally stable, profound shifts are taking place in the relations between major countries. Continued advancement of economic globalization is accompanied by mounting protectionism and populist ideologies. Accelerated movement toward a multipolar world goes hand in hand with intensifying geopolitical rivalry and regional turbulence. The emergence of new technologies and new thinkings is profoundly changing the way people live and work. A review of the past century has led some to express fears that the post-war international order is teetering on the edge and that humanity has once again come to a crossroads.

从更长的历史中才能获得更远的预见。战争与和平、生存和发展始终贯穿人类历史。世界在几千年里总体分隔，不同民族、国家在各自的时空反复上演着征服与抗争、繁荣和衰落。500多年前，大航海时代开启了人类历史上第一轮全球化，也带来了西方地中海文明的殖民扩张。二战结束后建立的国际秩序，维持了全球总体和平稳定，但世界在几十年间仍处于阵营分割、集团对立的局面。冷战结束和新技术兴起为新一轮经济全球化创造了条件，跨国公司追求利益最大化、在全球进行资源配置，发达国家获益巨大，发展中国家和新兴经济体群体性崛起，各国利益深度融合，世界已经成为了“地球村”。

Under such circumstances, one must look further back into history to gain a longer-term perspective for the future. The history of mankind is all about war and peace, survival and development. For several thousand years, countries and nations developed largely in mutual isolation. They rose and fell though repeated conquest and resistance in their own time and space. More than 500 years ago, the Age of Discovery brought about the first round of globalization in human history and the colonial expansion of the western Mediterranean Civilization. The international order established after the end of Second World War contributed to peace and stability in the following decades, but the world remained largely divided into opposing camps and blocs. The end of the Cold War and the emergence of new technologies created conditions for a new round of economic globalization where multinationals allocated resources globally to maximize profits. While this process generated enormous benefits for the developed countries, it also led to the collective rise of the developing countries and emerging economies, and linked the interests of all countries ever closer, making the world a truly “global village”.

和平弥足珍贵，发展是人心所向，经济全球化是大势所趋。前进道路上会出现曲折，面对挑战，最大的恐惧是恐惧本身。我们要坚守和平发展的信念，毫不动摇地推进经济全球化，共同构建更加公正合理、稳定有效的国际秩序。

We live in an age where people cherish peace and yearn for development, and economic globalization represents the trend of our times. There will always be twists and turns on the road ahead, but the greatest fear is fear itself in the face of challenges. We must stay committed to peaceful development, unswervingly advance economic globalization and jointly build an international order that is more fair, equitable, stable and effective.

各位嘉宾，

Distinguished Guests,

5000多年中华文明延绵不断，中华民族历经苦难辉煌。我们秉持达己达人，崇尚和合包容，期盼和平大同。1840年后，中华民族陷入百年屈辱，无数志士仁人为争取民族独立和国家解放而前赴后继。新中国成立后，中国人民经过艰苦卓绝的努力，在一穷二白的基础上建立起独立的比较完整的工业体系和国民经济体系;艰辛探索寻觅，在建设发展、改革开放中确定了走中国特色社会主义道路。今天，中国人民生活实现了从温饱不足到全面小康的历史巨变，中华民族迎来了伟大复兴的光明前景。

The more than 5000 years of uninterrupted Chinese civilization saw great sufferings as well as glories of the Chinese nation. The Chinese people believe that one should help others to succeed while seeking one’s own success. They honor harmony, cooperation and inclusiveness and aspire to build a peaceful world for all. After 1840, the Chinese nation had been mired in a century of humiliation. Since then, numerous patriots had risen up and fought valiantly for national independence and liberation. With the founding of New China, the Chinese people, through their extraordinary efforts, established from scratch an independent and relatively complete industrial system and national economic system, and embarked on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics as they explored ways to promote development, reform and opening up. Today, the Chinese people have achieved the historic progress from struggling for subsistence to a moderately prosperous society in all respects, heralding bright prospects for the great renewal of the Chinese nation.

人民对美好生活的向往，就是我们的奋斗目标。中国的发展离不开世界，世界的发展也离不开中国。没有和平稳定的国际环境，发展就无从谈起。中国将坚持做好自己的事，以战略定力和自信应对外部环境的不确定性;坚定不移走和平发展道路，无论国际形势如何变化，无论自身如何发展，中国永不称霸、永不扩张、永不谋求势力范围。

People’s aspirations for a better life are what drive us forward. China cannot develop by shutting itself from the world, nor can the world develop by shutting out China. Without a peaceful and stable international environment, there will be no development to speak of. China will continue to run its own affairs well and maintain strategic focus and confidence in response to external uncertainties. Committed to the path of peaceful development, China will never seek hegemony, expansion or sphere of influence no matter how the international situation changes or how developed it may become.

中国的和平发展道路归结起来就是，通过维护世界和平发展自己，又通过自身发展维护世界和平;主要依靠改革创新实现发展，也坚持扩大开放，学习借鉴别国长处;顺应经济全球化潮流，寻求与各国互利共赢、共同发展;同国际社会一道努力，建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。

Let me try to put it this way: China’s path of peaceful development is about developing China through promoting world peace while upholding world peace through China’s development. It is about pursuing development mainly through reform and innovation while staying committed to opening up to learn from others. It is about following the trend of economic globalization and promoting development for all through mutually beneficial cooperation. It is about working with the rest of the international community for an open, inclusive, clean, and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity.

各位嘉宾，

Distinguished Guests,

继承和发展，以继承为主。现有国际体系并不完美，需要加以改革，但不能推倒重来，这是绝大多数国家的共识。着眼人类共同利益，中国主张推动构建新型国际关系和人类命运共同体。

To achieve further development, we must build on past achievements. It is the consensus of the overwhelming majority of countries that while the existing international system is less than perfect and needs to be reformed, it would be ill-advised to cast it aside and start all over again. With the common interests of all humanity in mind, China has come up with the proposition to build a new type of international relations and a community with a shared future for mankind.

维护多边主义基石。要维护以联合国为核心的多边主义、恪守国际法和国际关系基本准则，彼此尊重主权独立和领土完整，国内事务由本国人民自己决定，国际事务由各国平等协商，使各国和各国人民都享有尊严和安全保障。大国要展现担当、作出表率，为维护世界和平稳定多做贡献。

We must consolidate multilateralism as a cornerstone. We must uphold multilateralism with the United Nations at its core, abide by international law and basic norms governing international relations, and respect each other’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. While the internal affairs of a country should be determined by its own people, global affairs need to be handled by all countries through consultations on an equal footing, so that all countries and peoples can enjoy dignity and security. In this regard, major countries need to set an example by demonstrating their sense of responsibility and contributing more to world peace and stability.

拓宽共同发展途径。发展是解决一切问题的总钥匙，要在政治、经济、社会、文化和生态文明全面发展中平衡好发展与安全的关系。要秉持共商共建共享理念，加强经济、金融、科技、能源等各领域对话合作，构建更高水平的开放型世界经济，以利益融合促进共同安全，反对以国家安全之名行保护主义之实。

We must explore more avenues to achieve development for all. Development is the master key to address all problems. We must strike a good balance between development and security in the process of advancing political, economic, social, cultural and ecological progress. We need to follow the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits in strengthening dialogue and cooperation in economy, finance, science and technology, energy and other areas in a bid to build an open world economy of higher standards. This way, we will be better able to promote common security through greater convergence of interests while rejecting protectionism practiced in the name of national security.

促进文明互学互鉴。文明多元、道路多样是人类社会发展的必然，也是人类进步的源泉。不同政治体制、历史文化、宗教信仰之间应摒弃隔阂、排他、猜忌和仇视，不断加深了解、增进理解、培育互信、倡导宽容，从根源上防范各类极端思潮的滋生和蔓延。

We must promote mutual learning among civilizations. Diversity of civilizations and of development paths is both a natural result and a driving force of human progress. People from different political systems and with different historical, cultural and religious backgrounds need to reject estrangement, exclusion, suspicion and hostility, and promote greater mutual knowledge, mutual understanding, mutual trust and inclusiveness. This approach will be conducive to fundamentally forestalling the breeding and spreading of extremist ideologies.

携手应对人类共同新挑战。要寻求最大公约数，健全国际法体系和全球治理机制，让互联网、人工智能、外空、深海、极地等新课题成为国际合作新领域。要共担责任，落实应对气候变化国际共识，加强减贫减灾、公共卫生等领域国际合作，共同打击各类跨国犯罪和恐怖主义。

We must jointly respond to new challenges facing humanity. We must seek the largest possible common ground as we set out to improve the international legal system and global governance mechanisms, and extend international cooperation to new areas such as the Internet, artificial intelligence, outer space, deep sea and polar affairs. We must stand up to our shared responsibilities to implement the international consensus on climate change, strengthen international cooperation in poverty reduction, disaster relief and public health, and combat transnational crime and terrorism in all its forms.

各位嘉宾，

Distinguished Guests,

世界和平论坛成立八年来，影响日益扩大。本次论坛汇聚各方专家，就稳定国际秩序深入讨论，希望大家相互启迪，凝聚共识，为推动世界和平发展贡献智慧。

In its eight-year history, the World Peace Forum has gained growing influence. At this year’s Forum, experts from all over the world will have in-depth discussions on stabilizing the international order. I hope you will provide each other much food for thought, build consensus, and contribute your wisdom to world peace and development.

预祝论坛取得圆满成功!

To conclude, I wish the Forum a full success.