2023下半年翻译资格考试二级口译模拟题

由天下分享时间：2023-02-27 20:50:48 加入收藏我要投稿点赞

　　“一分耕耘，一分收获。”在自己的理想道路上，多动脑筋，不断的思考，今天小编给大家带来了翻译资格考试二级口译模拟题，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

　　翻译资格考试二级口译模拟题

　　Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

　　Both language and culture are learned by children without special organized programs of instruction, but motivation to learn is very high since language is the most effective means for a child to obtain what he or she wants. If the learning of a new language begins before lower adolescence, one is likely to be able to speak such a language with complete naturalness, but if learned after upper adolescence some hangover of a mother-tongue feature is very likely to persist. But not only do languages exhibit such learning patterns, but so do cultural traits, for example, shaking hands, kissing, and embracing.

　　Although many persons assume that languages exist in dictionaries and grammars, in fact they only exist in people’s heads. But this is equally true of cultural traits, which indicate clearly a person’s value system when crucial decisions need to be made before there is any time to think about alternatives, for example, diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child.

　　分析：

　　① Both language and culture are learned by children without special organized programs of instruction, but motivation to learn is very high since language is the most effective means for a child to obtain (what he or she wants).

　　译文 1 ：语言和文化学习，对儿童来说并不存在特定的程序和计划，但是由于语言是儿童得偿所愿最有效的方式，因而他们学语言的主观能动性是很高的。

　　译文2：儿童学习语言和文化，无需专门编制的教学计划，但他们的学习积极性很高，因为他们若要获得想要的东西，语言乃是最有效的手段。

　　考点：转态译法：被主交换：　 are learned by children→ 儿童学习

　　意译： special organized programs of instruction→ 特定的程序和计划

　　具体译法：成语法： obtain what he or she wants→ 得偿所愿

　　换序译法： since 从句先译

　　② If the learning of a new language begins before lower adolescence, one is likely to be able to speak such a language with complete naturalness, but if learnedafter upper adolescence some hangover of a mother-tongue feature is very likely to persist.

　　译文1：如果一个人在少年时期就学一门新的语言，那么(将来)很可能说得很流利。但如果成年还没有学语言，母语的一些习惯特征就会根深蒂固。

　　译文2：如果一个人十来岁开始学习一门新的语言，日后他就有可能轻松自如地说这门语言。但如果到十六、七岁才学，那么他说话时多半会夹杂一些母语的痕迹。

　　考点：转性译法：　名词 → 动词　　 learning→ 学习

　　动词 → 形容词　 persist→ 根深蒂固　 naturalness→ 流利

　　动词 → 副词　　 naturalness→ 轻松自如地

　　意译： before lower adolescence→ 少年时期;十来岁

　　after upper adolescence→ 到成年;十六、七岁

　　hangover→ 痕迹

　　adolescence 在英语中表示“青春期”，一般指成年以前从 13 到 15 岁的发育期。在翻译 before lower adolescence 时，不能简单处理成“青少年时期的早期”，既累赘，语义又晦涩。可以翻译成“少年时期”，因为“青少年时期的早期”即“少年时期”，也可根据 adolescence 的年龄范围处理成“十几岁”。当然 after upper adolescence 直译为“在青春期后”，即“十六、七岁”，此阶段离“成年”不远。

　　正反译法： if learned after upper adolescence→ 如果成年还没有学语言

　　转态译法：被主交换 but if learned after upper adolescence→ 如果成年还没有学语言

　　具体译法：成语法： persist→ 根深蒂固

　　③ But not only do languages exhibit such learning patterns, but so docultural traits, for example, shaking hands, kissing, and embracing.

　　译文 1 ：不仅语言体现了这种学习方式，文化特性也是如此，诸如握手、接吻和拥抱。

　　译文 2 ：不仅语言学习呈现这种模式，文化秉性，如握手、接吻和拥抱，也同样如此。

　　考点：倒装句的翻译

　　④ Although many persons assume that languages exist in dictionaries and grammars, in fact they only exist in people’s heads.

　　译文：尽管许多人认为语言只存在于字典和语法书中，其实它只存在于人的头脑里。

　　考点：具体译法：加字法： grammars→ 语法书

　　前者有“字典”， grammar 如翻译成“语法”，和“字典”并不是一个对等的实物，因为“语法”是一个抽象的东西，而“语法书”是一个具体的出版物，因此应选择后者的翻译。

　　⑤ But this is equally true of cultural traits, (which indicate clearly a person’s value system) when crucial decisions need to be made before there is any time to think about alternatives, for example, diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child.

　　译文 1 ：文化特性何尝不是如此?当人们不得不做出不加思索的关键决定，比如说跳进湍急的水流中救一个溺水儿童，那么他的文化特性就清晰地展现了他的价值体系。

　　译文 2 ：文化秉性亦然。在没有时间考虑何取何舍而必须作出关键性决定时，如跳进湍急的水流中去救一个溺水的孩子，文化秉性会清楚的表现了一个人的价值体系。

　　考点： This is true of/in… 表示以上情况也适用于 of 后的宾语，翻译时可用“何尝不是如此”、“亦然”、“也是这样”等表达。如：

　　In Mac, you can enjoy the food in a comforting atmosphere with instant and professional service. This is also true in KFC.

　　在麦当劳就餐环境舒适，服务专业迅捷。肯德基何尝不是如此?考生如果怕自己错过考试报名时间和考试时间的话，可以免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。

　　定语从句的翻译：重复法 →which…

　　换序译法： ⑴ But this is equally true of cultural traits, ⑸ which indicate clearly a person’s value system ⑶ when crucial decisions need to be made ⑵ before there is any time to think about alternatives, ⑷ for example, diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child.

　　翻译顺序如上。这句句子是一句非常复杂的句子，表面上不难理解，但翻译的顺序很有讲究。除了第 ⑴ 句，后面有两句相连环的定语从句 ,which 是一句非限制性定语从句， when 是一句限制性定语从句，由于较长，不可能翻译成“清晰地展现了当 …… 的价值体系”。因此可以把 when 这句定语从句当成是一句时间状语从句去处理，单独断句。不料在 when 这句中又有 before 真正的时间状语从句，这时有两种翻译方法：一种是把它翻译成一般的时间状语从句，或是把它处理成较简单的表达，作定语去修饰 decisions ，两种方法都需要前置。翻译完后再紧跟第 ⑷ 句作为例子，趁热打铁。最后再回到上面处理第 ⑸ 句，不过由于当中隔离许多内容，读者对 which 所指代的 cultural traits 已经没有印象，需要在翻译时再次提起。

　　转态译法：被主交换: crucial decisions need to be made→ 人们不得不做出关键决定

　　意译： before there is any time to think about alternatives→ 不假思索的

　　flooding stream 极易翻错，不解释为“洪水”，因为“洪水”为 flood ，在这里 flooding 为形容词，修饰 stream ，表示“湍急的水流”

　　翻译资格考试二级口译模拟题

　　中华民族历来爱好自由和和平，中国人民始终希望天下太平，希望各国人民友好相处。中国人民在近代饱受战争和侵略的痛苦，更深感自由与和平的珍贵。任何一个国家建设和发展，都需要一个和平稳定的国际国内环境。任何一个国家和民族的自由，都是一切个人自由的前提和基础，我们希望各国人民都生活在没有战争和暴力的世界里，希望各国人民都能享有不被人压迫，歧视和欺凌的自由。

　　分析：

　　① 中华民族历来爱好自由和和平。

　　译文 1 ：The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace .

　　译文 2 ： The Chinese people have been a freedom-and-peace-loving nation since ancient times.

　　考点：换序译法：“历来”前置翻译 →It has been traditionally believed

　　“历来”后置翻译 →since ancient times

　　② 中国人民始终希望天下太平，希望各国人民友好相处。

　　译文1： The Chinese people are always looking forward to the global peace and friendship among all nations.

　　译文2： They have always hoped for the world to be at peace and the peoples of various countries to co-exist friendly.

　　考点：转性译法：副词 → 名词　　友好 →friendship

　　③ 中国人民在近代饱受战争和侵略的痛苦，更深感自由与和平的珍贵。

　　译文 1 ： Having suffered from the pains of wars and invasion in recent times, the Chinese people have cherished the value/preciousness of freedom and peace than ever.

　　译文 2 ： Having suffered from wars and foreign aggression in recent times, the Chinese people treasure the freedom and peace all the more.

　　考点：换序译法：“中国人民”后置翻译。

　　④ 任何一个国家建设和发展，都需要一个和平稳定的国际国内环境。考生如果怕自己错过考试报名时间和考试时间的话，可以免费预约短信提醒

　　译文 1 ： The construction and development of any country needs/entails a peaceful and 　 stable international and domestic environment.

　　译文 2 ： Every nation needs a peaceful and stable international and domestic environment for its construction and development.

　　⑤ 任何一个国家和民族的自由，都是一切个人自由的前提和基础。

　　译文： The freedom of any country or nation is the prerequisite and foundation/basis of that of any individual.

　　⑥ 我们希望各国人民都生活在没有战争和暴力的世界里，希望各国人民都能享有不被人压迫，歧视和欺凌的自由。

　　译文： We sincerely hope people of all nations live in a world free from wars and violence and enjoy the freedom immune to/without oppression, discrimination and humiliation.

　　考点：换序译法：“没有战争和暴力的”和“不被人压迫、歧视和欺凌的”后置到所修饰主体名词后翻译。

　　翻译资格考试二级口译模拟题

　　Information and communications are central to modem society and organizations. One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as a communications system. An organization that has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization will be much more effective and a much better place to work than the organization that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive. When leadership attempts to keep workers in the dark, workers tend to become distrustful. This undermines their cooperation.

　　It is easy to understand the value and importance of open, honest communications and valid information. Yet, few organizations are able to function in this manner. In the long run, poor communication will undermine the entire organization. Restricting communication and distorting information are symptoms of short-range thinking. We must avoid these stupid, short-sighted traps and constantly strive for an open communications system with objective information.

　　分析：

　　① Information and communications are central to modem society and organizations.

　　译法：信息和沟通/交流对于现代社会和企业(组织)来说至关重要。

　　考点： organization 常解释为“公司;企业”或“组织”，这篇文章其实属于 Management 　板块，应解释为“企业”。

　　具体译法：成语法：　 central→ 至关重要

　　② One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as 　 a communications system.

　　译文1：把企业看作是一个沟通体系，这是了解工作环境的方法之一。

　　译文2：了解工作环境的一个方法是把企业看作是一个沟通体系。

　　③⑴ An organization (that has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization) ⑶ will be much more effective and a much better place to work ⑵ than the organization (that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive).

　　译文：一个企业如果具备坦诚/公开的沟通模式/渠道和全方位的诚信信息，比起那些试图封闭信息，曲解甚至欺骗的企业来说，将会有更高的效能，并更适宜于工作。

　　考点：定语从句的翻译：第一句用了省略法，第二句用了前置法。

　　换序译法：翻译顺序：⑴⑵⑶。这是一句较长的句子，但是句子结构并不复杂，考生可以发现整句句子是一个比较级，主语和宾语分别是两种企业，谓语是 will be much more effective and a much better place to work ，不过两个企业的后面都各有一个长句进行修饰，特别是第一个企业。因此在翻译时先把主语的情况交待完毕，然后用“比”连起句子的宾语，宾语的定语并不长，可以前置，最后再翻译谓语。

　　意译：这句句子意译的数量相当多，可以说是中级口译翻译到现在为止意译考点最多的地方了。

　　open lines of communication→ 公开的沟通渠道(直译)

　　→ 坦诚的沟通模式(意译)

　　valid, honest information→ 真实可靠的信息(直译)

　　→ 诚信信息(意译)

　　going up, down, and throughout → 机构内上下(直译)

　　→ 全方位(意译)

　　more effective→ 更高的效率(直译)

　　→ 更高的效能(意译)

　　restrict the flow of information→ 限制信息的流通(直译)

　　→ 封闭信息(意译)

　　转性译法：形容词 → 名词 effective→ 效能