one用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于“a/an+单数名词”；ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词，有时可用that代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)；the ones用来替代前面特指的复数名词，有时可用those代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)；that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于“the+单数/不可数名词”。如：
Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one (=a present) that I have never seen. 张先生给了我一件十分珍贵的礼物，这件礼物是我从未见过的。
Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones (=many presents) that I have never seen. 张先生给了我许多珍贵的礼物，它们是我从未见过的。
The book on the desk is better than that/the one under the desk. 桌子上的那本书比桌子下的那本好。 The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk. 桌子上的那些书比桌子下的那些好。 考点练透
一、单句填空 用适当的代词填空，使其意思和结构完整。
1. We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because ________ of us had ________ money on us. 2. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have ________. 3. Although he is wealthy, he spends ________ on clothes. 4. —Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? —I am afraid ________ day is possible.
5. If you want to change for a double room, you will have to pay ________ 15 dollars. 6. —Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end? —If you keep still, you can sit at ________ end. 7. These plants are watered ________ (每两天).
8. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ________ money and ________ people.
9. There are a lot of trees on ________ side of the square. 10. You will not see ________ the animals in winter.
二、完成句子 用适当的关系代词或副词填空，使其意思和结构完整。
1. The weather was very sunny the following day, ________ was what we had expected. 2. I have finished reading all the books ________ are borrowed from the school library. 3. Is this the second time ________ you have been to Guangzhou?
4. ________ is reported in the newspaper, the war between the two countries has come to a stop. 5. Can you think of another example ________ this phrase can be used? 6. The train on ________ he is traveling is late.
7. Do you still remember the happy days ________ we spent together in Beijing? 8. I have bought the same skirt ________ she is wearing. 9. Is this the reason ________ he is late again?
10. Her parents wouldn’t let her marry anyone ________ family was very poor. 11. I, ________ am your best friend, will help you out.
12. The day will come ________ the people all over the world will win liberation.
13. The students are talking about the strange people and stories ________ they met in the adventure. 14. He is the very man in ________ pocket I found my lost money.
15. I have a picture by a famous painter ________ was sent to me for my birthday. 三、语篇填空 用适当的代词填空。
One day, as Carl’s wife was going out, her child began to cry, begging to go with ____1____.
“Stay home,” the mother said to him. “When ____2____ return, we will kill a pig for ____3____ dinner!” When she came back, ____4____ found Carl preparing to slaughter (宰杀) a pig for the child’s meal. She hurried over to stop ____5____. “What are you doing? You are not really going to kill a pig, are you?” I was just kidding him!
“How can ____6____ lie to children?” Carl replied. “____7____ learn each and ____8____ movement from ____9____ parents. If ____10____ deceive your child with lies, you are teaching the child to lie. One cannot educate children this way.”
In the end, Carl killed the pig.
四、语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As a young adult, Noah Webster was a teacher. At that time, the colonies 1 (fight) for independence from Britain. Yet the books that American children used in school all came from Britain. The books were all about British people and British places. Webster wanted books 2 would mean more to American children’s — a grammar book, a spelling book, and a reader. These books were very popular, and millions of them 3 (sell).
Webster was interested in changing the spellings of words. 4 wanted words to be spelled the way they were pronounced. For example, he thought 5 word “head” should be spelled “hed”, and the word “laugh” should be spelled “laf”. People liked Webster’s suggestions. Unfortunately, though, few words changed were
words in 6 an unpronounced “u” followed an “o”. That is 7 Americans write color and labor, and the British write colour and labour.
With the money he made 8 his books, Webster was able to start on his great work. This work took more than 20 years to write. It was the first American English dictionary, 9 (publish) in 1828. Webster’s dictionary had over 70,000 words and 10 (give) the meaning and origin of each. To this day, Webster’s work is the example that most dictionaries of American English follow.
助读词汇
colony n. 殖民地 unpronounced adj. 不发音的 labor n. 劳动 dictionary n. 字典；词典 origin n. 起源 to this day 至今
参考答案
考点练透 一、单句填空
1. none; any 2. one 3. little 4. neither 5. another 6. either 7. every other day 8. less; fewer 9. every 10. all
二、完成句子
1. which 2. that 3. that 4. As 5. where 6. which 7. that/which 8. as 9. why 10. whose 11. who 12. when 13. that 14. whose 15. that/which
三、语篇填空
1. her 2. I 3. your 4. she 5. him 6. we 7. They 8. every 9. their 10. you 四、语法填空
本文主要介绍美国词典编纂家诺亚·韦伯斯特以及其英语词典。
1. were fighting 分析句子成分可知，动词fight在此作谓语，故考虑时态和语态。根据背景知识和空前的At that time, the colonies可知此处应该用过去进行时。
2. that/which 分析句子成分可知 2 would mean more to American children’s是个定语从句，先行词是books，故填which或that均可。
3. were sold 此处sell作谓语，考虑时态和语态。时态是一般过去式，语态要用被动，因此填were sold
正确。
4. He 缺少主语填代词。此处He指代前面的Webster。注意首字母要大写。
5. the 根据空后的word “head” should be spelled “hed”, and the word “laugh”可知此处是特指，故需用定冠词。
6. which 分析句子成分可知in 6 an unpronounced “u” followed an “o”是个定语从句且空前已经有个介词in，故填which。in which=where。
7. why 此处why引导一个表语从句。只有填why才符合语境。
8. from 介词短语结构With the money he made 8 his books意为“用那些他从书赚来的钱，……”，表“从……”用介词from。
9. published 分析句子成分可知，动词publish在此作非谓语。而publish与逻辑主语dictionary存在被动关系，故填过去分词形式published作时间状语。
10. gave 根据空前的Webster’s dictionary had over 70,000 words and可知，gave和had是两个并列谓语，时态要一致。
2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题03-代词
