好文档 - 专业文书写作范文服务资料分享网站

2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解18

天下 分享 时间: 加入收藏 我要投稿 点赞

重点核心词汇详解

1. understand

v.懂得,理解,明白;了解,知道;谅解,体谅

词形变化:过去式understood,过去分词understood

用法:make oneself understood清楚表达自己的意思;understand+ that/wh-从句。例如:

I’m not very good at German, but I can make myself understood. 我德语不太好,不过我能说清楚自己的意思。 You don’t need to understand how computers work to be able to use them. 要使用计算机不需要非得搞懂它的工作原理。

词性转换:understanding adj.了解的额,有理解力的;n.谅解,理解;understandable adj.可以理解的 反义词:misunderstand v.误解,误会

(2019,北京卷,阅读C)To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. 2. use

v.&n.利用,使用,应用

关联词组:make (full/good) use of(充分)使用,利用;be in use在使用中;be of use (to sb.)(对某人)有用;for use供使用;easy to use使用方便;It’s no use doing sth.做某事没用 动词用法:常用结构有use sth. as sth.把某物用作……;use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事;use sth. for (doing) sth.为(做)某事使用某物。例如:

My parents use the house as a holiday home. 我父母把这房子用作度假屋。 Most people now use their cars to go shopping. 现在大多数人开车去购物。 They were using animals for scientific tests. 他们用动物做科学实验。 名词用法:

1可数名词,表示“用途,用处”。例如: ○

Robots have many different uses in modern industry. 机器人在现代工业中有多种不同用途。

2不可数名词,表示“用,使用”,指用的动作,仅以单数形式出现;其后通常接介词of。例如: ○

the increasing use of computers in education 电脑在教育领域中越来越多的使用

词性转换:used adj.二手的,使用过的;习惯的;usable adj.可用的;useful adj.有用的,有益的,有帮助的;useless adj.无用的;usage n.使用;用法;user n.用户,使用者

(2019,山东卷,单项填空)

20. A recent survey shows that 44 percent of Americans want to use self-driving cars, _________ 34 percent believe that they will make the roads more dangerous. A. although B. because C. if 3. usual

adj.通常的,平常的,寻常的

关联词组:as usual像往常一样,照例;usual practice惯例,通常办法

用法:It is usual (for sb./sth.) (to do sth.)(某人)通常(做某事);longer/higher/worse than usual比平时长/

高/差。例如:

It is usual to start a speech by thanking everybody for coming. 讲话前先感谢大家光临,这是惯例。 He came home later than usual. 他回家比平时晚了些。

词性转换:usually adv.通常,经常 近义词:normal adj.正常的,一般的

(2019,江苏卷,阅读表达)

I find it very easy to lose myself in my diary when I am away from my usual activities. 4. value

n.价值;益处

关联词组:market value市场价值;economic value经济价值;social value社会价值 用法:

1表示“价值”,与“钱”相关,相当于cost;后跟介词of。例如: ○

to go up/rise/increase in value 升/增值;to go down/fall/drop in value 贬值

2表示“重要性,用/益处”,相当于benefit,只作不可数名词;be of great/little value很/没有价值。例如:○ His research has been of little practical value. 他的研究没有什么实用价值。 词性转换:valuable adj.有价值的;贵重的;n.贵重物品

(2019,江苏卷,填空)

45. The Book of Poetry, the earliest collection of poems, is of great value in Chinese ▲ (历史). 5. visit

v.&n.参观,游览;访问,拜访,看望

动词用法:visit+某地,表示“参观,游览”;visit+某人,表示“拜访,看望,访问”。例如: Which cities did you visit in Spain? 你在西班牙去了哪些城市?

Eric went to Seattle to visit his cousins. 埃里克到西雅图去看望他的表兄弟。 名词用法:pay a visit to sb./sth.参观/拜访……。例如:

If you have time, pay a visit to the local museum. 你若有空,参观一下当地的博物馆。 关联单词:visitor n.访问者;参观者

(2019,北京卷,单项填空)

10.If you want to visit the Palace Museum, I tickets for you tomorrow. A. will book B. booked C. have booked D. was booking 6. voice

n.说话声;嗓音

用法:

1特指唱歌的“声音、音质”。例如: ○

Sophie’s got a lovely singing voice. 索菲有一副悦耳的歌喉。

2表示“说话声,嗓音”;常用搭配如speak in a deep/soft/loud/quiet voice 低沉地说、轻柔地说、大声地说、○

轻声地说;raise/lower your voice提高/压低嗓门;keep one’s voice down 说话轻一些。例如: \“警察在这儿,”她低声说。

3还可喻指“意见,呼声”,或“发言权,表达意见的权利”;其后常接in sth.。例如: ○

Governments need to listen to the voice of people.政府需要倾听民众的呼声。 词性转换:voiceless adj.无声的;voiced adj.有声的;浊音的

(2019,江苏卷,单项填空)

9.Could you speak in a loud voice so that I can hear you _______________? A. quickly B. happily C. slowly D. clearly 7. wait

v.等(待),等候

关联词组:can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事;wait and see走着瞧;keep sb. waiting让某人等待 用法:

1wait接宾语时通常先接for;wait (for sb./sth.) to do sth.等待(……)做某事。例如: ○

I sat waiting patiently for the party to end. 我耐心地坐着等待聚会结束。 Are you waiting to use the phone? 你在等着用电话吗?

2口语中常用wait a minute/second/moment表示“等一下;等等”。例如: ○

Wait a moment, just let me think. 等一下,让我想想。

(2019,北京卷,单项填空)

1.Mr. Wang is coming to our school. I can’t wait to see . A. her B. him C. it D. them 8. warm

adj.暖和的,温暖的;热情的

用法:

1本义与温度相关,可形容事物本事温度适中;可形容身体感到温暖;可形容衣服或建筑物保暖、防寒;○

常和keep/stay搭配使用。例如:

Here, put on your nice warm coat. 来,穿上你舒适暖和的大衣。 Make sure you keep warm! 一定要穿暖和点!

2喻指“热情的,热忱的”,相当于friendly。例如: ○

Please give a warm welcome to our special guest. 请热烈欢迎我们的特邀嘉宾。 词性转换:warmth n.温暖,暖和;warmly adv.温暖地;热情地

反义词:cool adj.凉(爽)的:注意其近义词cold(寒冷的)通常与hot(炎热的)相对

(2019,北京卷,阅读A)My host mother is a Chinese teacher and she is really warm-hearted. 9. warn

v.警告,提醒,告诫;预先通知

用法:warn sb. about/against sth.就某事警告某人;warn (sb.) of sth.警告某人某事;warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人(不)做某事。warn sb. (that/wh-从句)。例如: He warned us against thieves. 他提醒我们要提防小偷。

They warned him of the dangers of sailing alone. 他们警告他独自航行的重重危险。 I warned you not to walk home alone. 我告诫过你不要一个人走路回家。

We warned them that there was a tiger in the woods. 我们提醒他们,林子里有一只老虎。 词性转换:warning n.警告;预兆,预告

(2019,湖南卷,语篇补全)In some places, fast currents(急流)can sweep swimmers away without warning. 10. waste

v.浪费;n.浪费;废弃物

动词用法:waste sth. on sb./sth.在……上浪费……。例如:

Don’t waste your time on computer games! 别把时间浪费在电脑游戏上! 名词用法:

1表示“浪费”,常用作单数形式,其后通常跟介词of;常用于短语be a waste of time/money/effort浪费时○

间/钱/精力。例如:

We should never have gone- it was a total waste of time. 我们真不该去——那纯粹是浪费时间。 2表示“废料,废弃物,垃圾”,不可数名词,但可以用wastes形式。例如: ○

They do not know what to do with the waste. 他们不知道该怎样处理这些废物。 词性转换:wasteful adj.浪费的,不经济的;wastefully adv.浪费地;挥霍地

(2019,阅读卷,阅读C)Every year, lots of plastic waste goes into the ocean. 11. watch

v.观看,注释;当心,注意;n.看守;监视;手表,表

动词用法: 1与○“看”相关,表示“观看,注视,观察”; watch (…) with interest/amusement饶有兴致地看;watch sb./sth. do/doing sth.看着某人做某事(do和doing区别同see);watch+ wh-从句。例如: I watched him go, then went home. 我看着他离去,然后回了家。 She watched the kids playing in the room. 她看着孩子们在房间里玩。 Watch what I do, then you try. 你注意看我的动作,然后试着做。

2与“小心,留意”相关,表示“留心,注意(某事);照看,照顾;关注”;watch out小心,留意;watch ○

oneself当心;watch+ that/wh-从句。例如:

Could you watch my bags for me while I buy a paper? 我去买份报纸,你能替我照看一下我的包吗? Hey, watch where you're going! 嘿,瞧着点路! 名词用法:

1取动词相关含义,意为“注视,监视;看守;值班”等;其后常接介词on/over;be on watch值班。例如:○ The police kept a close watch on our activities. 警察密切监视着我们的活动。 Who’s on watch tonight? 今晚谁值班? 2表示“表,手表;怀表”。例如: ○

She kept looking anxiously at her watch. 她焦急不安地一个劲儿看表。

词性转换:watchful adj.注意的,警惕的;watchfully adv.警惕地;watcher n.观察者;看守人

(2019,浙江卷,完形)

One evening Charlie happened to be in the theatre ___5___his mother singing on stage. 5. A. feeling B. keeping C. realizing D. watching

12. weak

adj.差的,弱的;不牢固的

用法:

1指身体,表示“虚弱的,不强壮的”;too weak to do sth.太虚弱而不能做某事。例如: ○

She’s too weak to feed herself. 她虚弱得吃不动东西。

2指物体,表示“不牢固的,易破的,已损坏的”,如a weak bridge 不牢固的桥 ○

3指性格,表示“软弱的,意志薄弱的”,含有贬义。例如: ○

Her husband is a weak man.她的丈夫是个懦弱的男人。

4形容缺少power,表示“无权力的,无影响力的”。如weak leader/ruler/king软弱的领袖/统治者/国王 ○

词性转换:weakly adv.虚弱地,无力地;软弱地;weakness n.弱点;软弱;weaken v.(使)变弱 反义词:strong adj.强壮的

(2019,山东卷,单项填空)

22. Ants are pretty small. You might think that they _________be rather weak. But what you might not know is that ants are actually very strong for their size. A. need B. can't C. must 13. wealth

n.财产,财富;富有

g

用法:不可数名词;可用于a wealth of sth.中,表示“大量的/丰富的某物”。例如:

The new manager brings a great wealth of experience to the job. 新任经理为这项工作带来了丰富的经验。 词性转换:wealthy=rich adj.富有的,充分的;wealthily adv.丰富地;富有地

(2019,湖北卷,阅读B)Once upon a time, a wealthy old man lived alone in a big house. 14. wear

v.穿,戴;磨损

词形变化:过去式wore,过去分词worn 关联词组:wear away磨损,消磨,流逝

用法:可指“穿戴/佩戴”衣服或饰物,也可指“蓄留”须发。例如: She wears her hair long. 她梳着长发。

熟词僻义:wear还可以表示“磨损,消耗,用旧”,通常与介词out搭配使用;wear (sth.) out(使)磨损;用坏;wear sb./oneself out使疲乏,使筋疲力尽;其过去分词形式worn out比较常见,worn-out可以放在名词前作定语。例如:

He wore out two pairs of shoes last year. 去年他穿坏了两双鞋。

You'll wear yourself out if you carry on working so hard. 你要是继续这样拼命工作,身体会吃不消的。 These shoes are worn out. 这双鞋破得不能再穿了。

a pair of old worn-out walking shoes一双穿破了的旧步行鞋 Can we sit down? I'm worn out. 我们能坐下吗?我都累坏了。 词性转换:worn adj.疲倦的;用旧的;wearable adj.可穿戴的

(2019,浙江卷,完形)I listened to the music she listened to, wore the clothes she wore.

15. weigh

v.称……的重量;重(若干);认真考虑,权衡

用法:

1作连系动词,表示“重(若干),重量是”,后面接具体的重量。例如: ○

2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解18

重点核心词汇详解1.understandv.懂得,理解,明白;了解,知道;谅解,体谅词形变化:过去式understood,过去分词understood用法:makeoneselfunderstood清楚表达自己的意思;understand+that/wh-从句。例如:I’mnotver
推荐度:
点击下载文档文档为doc格式
9zd8q919za670et7c26i4qfr0177x6016ho
领取福利

微信扫码领取福利

微信扫码分享