Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·河南八市测评)
Manyoftheworld’smostsuccessfulpeoplewereoncefailures.Herearethestoriesofafewofthem. AbrahamLincoln (1809－1865)
AbrahamLincolnwasoneofAmerica’sgreatestleaders，takingthecountrythroughtheCivilWar (from1861to1865)．However，hislifewasnevereasy.Hestartednumerousbusinessesthatfailed，hewentbankrupttwice
，
andwasdefeatedin26campaignsforpublicoffice.Helatersaid
，
“Mygreatconcernisnotwhetheryouhavefailed，butwhetheryouarecontentwithyourfailure.”
VincentVanGogh (1853－1890)
VanGoghisoneofthemostfamousandinfluentialpaintersinthehistoryofWesternArt.He’srenownedforpaintingssuchasTheStarryNight
，
ThePotatoEatersandSunflowers.However
，
duringhislifetime，VanGoghsoldonlyonepaintingforaverysmallamountofmoney.Despitethis，hecarriedonpainting
somethingevengoingwithoutfoodsohecouldcompletehiscollectionofover800knownworks.
AlbertEinstein (1879－1955)
AlbertEinsteinwontheNoblePrizeinPhysicsin1921.However，hewasn’talwaysconsidereda“
genius
”
．
Hedidn’tspeakuntilhewasfour
，，，
andcouldn’treaduntilhewasseven.Histeachersandparentsthoughthewasslow
sohewasexpelledfromschoolandcouldn’tgetintotheZurichPolytechnicSchool.Helaterfamouslysaid，“Successisfailureinprogress.”
StephenKing (born1947)
StephenKingisoneofthebest-sellingauthorsofalltimewasrejectedbyabout30publishers.Eventually
，
，
buthisfirstbook
，
Carrie
，，
Stephenthrewitinthebin
buthiswifefisheditoutandencouragedhimtoresubmitit，whichhedid...successfullythistime!
语篇解读 世界上有许多人在成功之前都遭遇了失败，本文就为我们列举了几位著名人物的相关事例。 1．WhichstatementisTRUEaboutAbrahamLincoln? A．HeledtheAmericanWarofIndependence.
B．Heneversucceededinhisbusiness. C．Hewasfullofcourageandperseverance. D．HeisthegreatestpresidentoftheUnitedStates. 答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由AbrahamLincoln部分的最后一句“Helatersaid，‘Mygreatconcernisnotwhetheryouhavefailed，butwhetheryouarecontentwithyourfailure.’”可推断出，虽然历经失败，但亚伯拉罕·林肯仍充满勇气并坚持不懈，故选C。
2．Whobecamefamousallovertheworldafterhisdeath? A．AbrahamLincoln. B．VincentVanGogh. C．AlbertEinstein. D．StephenKing. 答案 B
解析 推理判断题。由VincentVanGogh部分的第三句“However，duringhislifetime，VanGoghsoldonlyonepaintingforaverysmallamountofmoney.”可推断出梵·高是在去世之后，才闻名于全世界的，故选B。
3．WhatwasthemostlikelyreasonforAlbertEinstein’sdroppingoutofschool? A．Hewastooslowtolearn. B．Hecouldn’tspeakorread. C．Histeacherthoughthewasstupid. D．Hedidn’tobeytheschoolrules. 答案 C 解析 “
推理判断题。由
AlbertEinstein
部分的第四句
，
Histeachersandparentsthoughthewasslow
sohewasexpelledfromschoolandcouldn’tgetintotheZurichPolytechnicSchool.”可推断出爱因斯坦被退学，最可能的原因就是老师认为他很笨，slow在此处意为“迟钝的，笨的”，故选C。
4．Whatdothesepeoplehaveincommon? A．TheyareallAmericans. B．Theyareknownfortheirwritings. C．Theywereborninthesamecentury.
D．Theyallsufferedfailurebeforetheysucceeded. 答案 D 解
析
推
理
判
断
题
。
由
文
章
第
一
段
“Manyoftheworld’smostsuccessfulpeoplewereoncefailures.Herearethestoriesofafewofthem.”可
知，这些人的共同之处是他们在成功之前都遭遇了失败，故选D。
B
(2018·河南八市测评)
DaniellaWridewasbrushingherdaughter’slongbrownhairwhenshenoticedthatwitheachstroke，clumpsofitwerecomingout.ThatwasJanuary1,2017.Within20daysseven-year-oldGianessaWride’shairandeyebrowswerecompletelygone
，，
andherdermatologistsaidtheywouldnevergrowback.Gianessahadbecomeoneofthe6.8millionAmericanswithalopecia，anautoimmunediseasethatcauseshairloss.
Alopeciaisn’tpainful
，
butforkidswhosufferfromit
，，
，
Utah
，
theagonycomesfromstandingoutfromthecrowd.ForthemostpartthestudentsinGianessa’sfirst-gradeclassinSalem
wereunderstanding.Buttheoccasionaltaunt(嘲弄) of“Baldy”madeherfeellikeanoutcast.“Ididnotwanthertonotfeelbeautiful，”hermothertoldToday.
Thentheschoolannouncedits
“
CrazyHairDay
”
competitioninApril
，
andDaniellaandGianessadecidedthatratherthanhidingGianessa’sbaldnessunderscarvesorawig(假发
)
，
theywouldcelebrateit.Daniellaboughtscrapbook-stickerjewelsanddecoratedherdaughter’sheadwithfloraldesignsandevenanowl.“Theyjustfitherpersonality，”DaniellatoldCNN.“She’ssolively.”
Onthemorningofthecompetition
Gianessawasnervous.Wouldherfriendsthinkitwasfunnyorfreaky
，？
Shehadnothingtofear.BedazzledGianessawasahit—andthewinnerofthecrazy-haircompetition.Gianessaisnowgladshedaredtogobare.“IwassadatfirstwhenIlostallmyhair，”shetoldpeople，“butnowIlovebeingbald.Icandothingstomyheadthatotherkidscan’t.I’mthinkingnowitmightbefuntodecoratemyheadwithsomesparklybutterfliesandflowers.”
语篇解读 Gianessa因患疾病而变成了秃头，这使她受到了打击。在学校举办了“疯狂的头发日”之后，Gianessa变得乐观了，原来秃头也可以装扮得很漂亮。 5．WhydidGianessabecomebald? A．Becauseshewantedtobedifferent. B．Becauseshehadallherhaircut.
C．Becausehermothercombedherhairtoooften. D．Becauseshesufferedfromakindofdisease. 答案 D 解
析
细
节
理
解
题
。
根
据
第
一
段
最
后
一
句
“Gianessahadbecomeoneofthe6.8millionAmericanswithalopecia，
anautoimmunediseasethatcauseshairloss.”可知Gianessa变成秃头是因为她患了一种疾病，故选D。
6．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“agony”inParagraphTwo? A．Worry. C．Pain. 答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。画线词所在句的意思是Alopecia这种病并不痛苦，但是对于患病的小孩来说，痛苦来自于站在人群中特别的显眼，所以“agony”的意思是痛苦，故选C。
7．HowdoesGianessafeelaboutherbaldnessafterthe“CrazyHairDay”？ A．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. 答案 A
解析 推理判断题。由文章最后一段的内容可知，在“疯狂的头发日”过后，Gianessa对自己的秃头变得乐观了。optimistic乐观的；upset心烦的；indifferent漠不关心的；worried担心的，故选A。
8．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage? A．Gianessa’sHairWasGone B．BeingBaldIsBeautiful C．CrazyHairDay D．AnIncurableDisease 答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。这篇文章主要讲了由于Gianessa患了一种疾病，所以她变成了秃头，在学校举办了“疯狂头发日”之后，Gianessa对自己的秃头变得乐观了，原来秃头也可以装扮得很漂亮，故选B。
C
(2017·山东费县二中月考)
Integrity
Integrityisthequalityofbeinghonestandstrongaboutwhatyoubelievetoberight.Theconceptofintegrityhasplayedakeyroleinmoralphilosophythroughouthistoryandispromotedinallsocietiesbecauseofitsimportancetosocialrelations.Individualintegrityisvitaltosocietyonethatenablespeopletomakeuseoftheircapacityforcriticalreflection
，，
B．Upset. D．Worried. B．Delight. D．Pride.
doesnotforcepeopletotakeupparticularrolesanddoesnotencourageindividualstobetrayeachother.Besides，societiescanbefavorabletothedevelopmentofindividualintegrity.
Individualintegritycanliftupthespiritsoftheentiresociety.Itcanshapethelivesofpeoplelivinginapa
rticularsociety，thelivesofallfellowpeopleand，initsbroadestsense，eventhedestiny(命运)ofanation.Bycontrast，ifthoselivinginthesocietyarecorrupt，itcouldhavebadeffects，jeopardizingthehealthymoralityofthesociety. Ontheotherhand
，
asocietycanbefavorabletothedevelopmentofindividualintegrity.Societyexpectsandrequiresintegrity.Asocietyconsistingofpeopleofintegrity，andpeoplewhonevercompromiseontheirprinciples，couldhaveapositivemarkonthepersonaldevelopmentofitsmembers.Beingapartofsuchamorallylivelycommunitycouldserveasabasisforabsorbingtraitsofgoodcharacter.Thiscouldbeofadistinctadvantagetoanyindividualsinthesociety.
However，somesocialstructuresareofthewrongsortforsomeindividualstopursue(追求) integrity.Ifthatisthecase
，
wehavetoaskquestionsaboutthemoralnatureofsocietyfirstbeforeraisingquestionsaboutindividualintegrity.Questionsaboutintegritymayturnouttobeaboutwhatkindofsocietyitis
，
ratherthanabouttherelationshipbetweenindividualinterestsandcharacteristicsofasociety.Thepursuitofadequateindividualintegrityoftendepends
notsomuchonunderstandingwhooneisandwhatonebelievesandiscommittedtobutratherunderstandingwhatone’ssocietyisandimaginingwhatitcouldbe.
Undernocircumstancescanweunderestimatetheimportanceofhumanintegrityinasociety.People，whoarehonest
，
trustworthy
，
compassionateandcaring
，，，
arethefactorsdecisiveinthegrowthofindividualsaswellasthedevelopmentofasociety.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是正直是诚实和坚强的品质，个人诚信对社会是至关重要的，社会道德观念也有利于个人诚信的发展。 9．Individualintegrityhasbeenvaluedinsocietybecause. A．ithelpsdevelopphilosophy B．itisthebasisofcriticalthinking C．itisimportanttosocialrelations D．itensurespeople’sparticularroles 答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，社会重视个人诚信是因为个人诚信对社会关系是至关重要的。故选C。
10．Theunderlinedword“jeopardizing”inParagraph2probablymeans“”． A．destroying C．assessing 答案 A
B．strengthening D．influencing
2019版高考英语大一轮复习外研版课时作业：book 3 5 含答案 精品
