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工业学院
毕 业 设 计
设计题目:日处理小麦200吨专用面粉车间
——小麦清理除尘风网工艺设计
目录
摘要······························································1 前言······························································2
第一章 粉尘的危害及防尘综合措施
一、粉尘的危害················································4 二、粉尘的防治措施············································4
第二章 风网设计原则··············································6
一、除尘风网的设计原则········································6 二、确定风网形式的原则········································6 三、集中风网的组合原则········································6
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第三章 风网分析··················································7 一、方案的确定················································7 二、去石机风网组合分析········································7 三、振动筛风网组合分析········································8 四、集中风网组合分析··········································9 五、设备特点··················································9 六、车间设备布置·············································11
第四章 风网设备选型及计算·······································12 一、绘制风网布置图如附图·····································12 二、计算各管段长度及弯头个数,绘制风网流程图·················12 三、各风网阻力的计算·········································12
设计总结·························································31 辞·····························································33 参考文献·························································34
摘 要
粮食加工厂生产过程及容易产生粉尘,粉尘的危害性很大。例如:粉尘会影响生产,影响光照,危害人类健康,而且还会造成环境污染,甚至发生粉尘爆炸等;此外,粮食加工厂产生的粉尘有的也是具有营养价值的,如有的可用作肥料,饲用,甚至可作食用。因此,做好粉尘防治是具有现实意义的。粉尘防治的最有效措施就是通风除尘,利用一定的设备(吸风罩、风管、风机、除尘器)将含尘空气收集并净化为符合国家规定的卫生标准排放到空气当中。设计过程中,我通过查阅资料,了解除尘风网的设计原则与方法,根据设计原则确定风网的组合形式,根据工艺要求,确定设备的摆放位置,考虑车间-------整齐美观的情况下,确定风管走向,然后计算风管长度与直径,绘制风网图,计算风网阻力和风量,选择合适的风机和除尘器。
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关键词:除尘 风网 粉尘
Abstract
The production process in the grain processing factory is easy to produce thedust. The dust is very hazardous, For example: The dust will affect the production, influenceillumination, harmthe human’s healthy, moreover it also can cause
theenvironmental pollution, even have the dust explosion and so on. But, some of the dust being produced in the grain processing factory has thenutritional value. For example: Some may serve as the fertilizer, the feed, even some may be edible. Therefore, preventing and controlling the dust are very significant.The most effective action of preventing and controlling the dust is ventilatesthe dust removal. By using the certain equipments, they collect the airwith the dust and purifyit and then discharge it in the air.In the design process, I consult the material, and understand the principle of design and the method removing the dust by wind net. According to the principle of design, Idefinite the bination form of wind net. According to the technological requirement, Idefinitethe position of the equipments. Considering the neat artistic situation in the workshop, Idefinite the trend of the pipeline. And then Imutatethe length and diameter of the pipeline, plan the wind netorchards, putation wind net resistance and amount of wind, choiceappropriate air blower and dust remover.
Key word:Dust removalWell ventilatedDust
前 言
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粮食工业是国民经济的一个重要部门,和人民生活息息相关,工业化、现代化任务很重。2002年粮油工业的重组和改革的步伐加快,通过发展订单农业,建立适应市场机制的产销衔接,以公司连基地,基地加农户的模式,促进优质粮油产品的产业化,形成以粮食购销企业、加工企业为龙头,带动粮油深加工的发展,通过加工、转化、增值,提高企业的经济效益,带动粮油产区经济发展,增加农民收入,一批新型的粮油工业企业集团不断涌现,特别是近两年面粉加工企业规模扩很快。
据有关部门资料统计,1998年年底我国的面粉厂包括国营、民营和合资的大、中、小型面粉加工企业已近万家,其型和特大型面粉厂(500吨/日以上)约占全国的0.55%,数量为55家,是1982年的5倍。2003年中国粮食行业协会的调查表明,2001年全国粮油工业企业共有7548家,其中制粉3940家。
国家食品工业“十五”发展规划中提到要强化小麦综合利用,积极开发谷朊粉、小麦胚芽制品,小麦麸皮制品等。近年来,面粉企业在“大路货”产品上展开“价格火拼”,忽视了面粉深加工和农副产品综合利用这块巨大的市场。专家认为,我国面粉企业应重视面粉加工和农副产品综合利用,走产品多元化,以特色制胜路子。面粉企业以科技为先导,进行面粉深加工和副产品综合利用,既是企业增强竞争力的需要,也是我国面粉工业深层次发展的必由之路。
小麦深加工产品在发达国家已比较普及。小麦深加工中应用生物枝术、超微技术、挤压技术、膜分离技术、超临界CO2萃取技术、高效分离技术等高新技术,开发有着广泛市场的谷朊粉、小麦胚芽油、小麦麸皮制品,谷胱甘肽、麦胚凝集素、麦麸戊聚糖等食品、医药、化工、造纸、纺织、建材等产品,从而最大程度的利用小麦资源。
由于面粉工业正趋于规模化和集约化方向发展,面粉深加工工业有广阔的发展前景,市场对面粉深加工产品需求也不断增大专用粉的生产是一个系统工程,涉及到许多环节。最好应具备以下几个条件:一是要有优质的专用小麦做原料;二是要有先进的设备和生产工艺;三是要有好的面粉后处理工序;四是要有训练有素的专业技术人员和必需的检测实验条件和手段。
原粮是粮食加工工业的基本原料,在粮食的输送、破碎、研磨、筛分和包装等过程中,不可避免要产生粉尘。如不采取有效的防尘措施,任其飞扬,就会污染作业场所和室外环境,对人体、生产及环境都有很大的危害。因此,在粮食加工厂中对粉尘的控制尤为重要。而在粮食加工厂中控制粉尘的方法主要是通风的方法,即是利用空气流动来改善车间的空气环境,使室空气符合卫生标准的方法。
进入21世纪,人们生活水平不断快速的提高,人们对吃、穿、住、行的要求日异上升,特别是对食物的要求更是如此。现在不断要吃饱而且要吃好,如肯德基、我国新研发的长梗香、补充营养素的面粉等等。这些都体现了未来食品的发展趋势,作为食品专业的学生对目前和未来的食品发展更是深有体会。
我是粮食工程的本科毕业生,毕业设计是设计专用粉厂。就目前的食品发展情况
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来看,这个课题是很有必要也很有价值的,它可以锻炼我们实际思考问题的能力,也是对四年所学知识的一个总结和升华。
专用粉厂设计的任务是很重的,所以我们小组由四个人共同完成这项任务, 设计过程中,我们采用分工的形式,我除了要协助另外三个人完成应该完成的任务外,还要独立完成清理车间的除尘风网。
此次设计主要是根据国家规定的卫生标准和排放标准对小麦清理除尘风网工艺的设计,主要容有:根据风网组合原则确定小麦清理除尘风网的组合形式;对小麦清理除尘风网设备的布置;计算各管段的长度并绘制风网图;并对除尘风网设备的选择和设计计算。
由于我们实际设计经历有限,经验不足,在设计过程中难免出现问题,望老师及时批评指正为!
第一章 粉尘的危害及防尘措施
一、粉尘的危害
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