幼儿园论文：幼儿园5-6岁幼儿体育教学活动方案开发实证研究
【中文摘要】我国“十二五规划”提出学前期将列入义务教育范畴,确定幼儿教育是终生教育的基础,必然要求提高幼儿体育教育质量。在举国幼儿教育探索的背景下,率先针对幼儿园5-6岁幼儿体育教学活动进行实证研究。开发出合理、有效、可行的体育教学活动方案,充实此类课题的理论与实践研究。运用文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法、实地调查法、观察法、数理统计法、教育实验法得出以下结论:乌鲁木齐市幼儿园5-6岁幼儿体育教学活动存在目标较为陈旧、概括性强,缺乏系统性、灵活性和可操作性;内容不够丰富,过于强调安全,甚至有意降低幼儿运动负荷,游戏化过重,一味追求轻松娱乐,忽略了体育教学活动的本质是通过游戏帮助幼儿进行身体练习;体育教师的比例、性别、学历、专业均未达到体育教学要求,场地设施人均占有率虽达到国家标准,但体育教学器材数量与质量不足;幼儿园缺少合理的体育教学活动效果评价;家长与管理者对幼儿体育教学活动重视程度不高;参考资料选配欠均衡;体育教学活动时间分配不够合理等问题。开发出一套幼儿园5-6岁幼儿体育教学活动方案,主要是更新、细化体育教学活动目标,将目标分为体育认知、身体形态与机能和身体素质类、心理与社会适应类,增加目标的科学性、连续性和可操作性;根据目标设置内容,创编儿歌、三字经、小故事和基本身体素质操和身体形态练习操等形象、直观、操作性较强的内容;运用教师教授→教师引导幼儿游戏练习→教师再强化→幼儿再练习
的教学方法,深化学习内容,达到终身记忆;通过预先评价→过程评价→结果评价→综合评价,使幼儿体育教学活动评价既具有定量评价的客观性,又具有定性评价的主观性;选择科学先进的参考资料;体育教学活动时间定位每周三次,每次30分钟。实验前后幼儿身体素质纵向比较,有显著提高;横向比较,实验班幼儿身体素质有明显提高;实验班幼儿家长、教师和管理者实验后对开发的体育教学活动表示赞同;实验后实验组幼儿体育认知指标有明显提高。说明开发的方案能够达到提高幼儿身体素质和体育认知的。实验后两园实验幼儿体质指标增长值的横向对比分析得出,不同实施者的实验班幼儿体质指标、体育认知指标差异无显著性,说明开发的幼儿园体育教学活动方案具有可复制和可推广性。
【英文摘要】The“12th five-year-plan”of China brings pre-school period into the categary of compulsory education. It claims that kindergarden education is the basis of the life-long education. So it is necessary to enhance the quality of pre-school physical education.Under the circumstance of exploring the pre-school education, the paper does a empirical study of physical education of 5 to 6 years old children. It investigates appropriate, efficient and feasible physical teaching activities, provides some evidence for the subjec theoritically and practically. The present study use the methods of literature review, interview, questionnaire,
investigation, statistics, educational experiment and so on. The results of the present study are as followed:There is some physical teaching activities for the 5 to 6 years old children. But the objectives are old, fuzzy, not scientific, not systematic and not flexible. The contents emphasize the safty and decline the ability of exercise. The activities stress the entertainment and ignore that the nature of the exercise is enhancing physical exercises by doing games. The rate, gender, educational level and major of the PE teacher couldn’t come up to the requirement of the physical teaching activities. Though the rate of personal space has up to the standard, the quality and quantity of the equipments are not high enough. A appropriate evaluation of physical teaching activity is lacked. The parents and managers haven’t paid enough attention to the physical teaching activities.The references are unbalanced. And the time of the physical teaching is distributed unreasonablly.The present study develops an physical teaching activity design, renewing and refining the teaching activity objectives. The objective consist of two classifications. Firstly, PE recogonition, physical characteristic and function, physical quality. Secondly, the adaptation of mind and society. An objective which is scientific, continuous and operatable is
幼儿园5-6岁幼儿体育教学活动方案开发实证研究
