步骤四 巩固兼提升， 满分收囊中
A
(2018·贵阳市高三监测)Nov.21 is World Hello Day. It began back in the 1970s as part of an effort to make the world more peaceful. It was created just after the war between Israel and Egypt in 1973. The philosophy (哲学) behind it is: Say “Hello” and stop war.
It sounds like a fine idea, but most of us know that simply saying “Hello” won't bring about world peace. Still, on a smaller range, the simple act of saying “Hello” to someone can make a lot of difference.
This might not be obvious. After all, it's such a casual thing and requires so little effort. You raise your head to someone as you pass by them in the school corridor(走廊), say “Hello”， and then it's over.
Although we might not realize it, a small thing like a greeting can mean a lot to a person. Many people are lonely because they're shy. They find it difficult to communicate with people, even though they want to. It leads to them feeling cut off.
On this basis, maybe it's a good idea, not just on Nov.21, but every day, to remember to say “Hello” to as many people as we can. The stranger who hears your greeting may secretly smile in their heart. You might even make their day.
Greeting other people is the easiest way to be polite. Politeness is the way we individual humans link up with the rest of the human world outside of our circles of family and friends. Politeness is one of the aspects of culture that make us a society rather than just many individuals living in the same space.
No one said it better than the French author Joseph Joubert：“Politeness is the flower of humanity，” A “Hello” to a stranger is a small thing, and often neglected (忽视), but through it we can make the world better for another person.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界问候日的由来及意义的相关信息。 1．What is World Hello Day intended for? A．Philosophy. C．Politeness.
B．Peace. D．War.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Nov.21 is World Hello Day. It began back in the 1970s as part of an effort to make the world more peaceful”可知，世界问候日设立的初衷是为了和平。
[答案] B
2．What has an effect on people most? A．Raising heads to others. B．Doing something casually.
C．Meeting in the school corridor. D．The simple act of saying “Hello”．
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Still, on a smaller range, the simple act of saying ‘Hello’ to someone can make a lot of difference”可知，对别人影响最大的是打招呼这种简单的行为。
[答案] D
3．Why do some people feel lonely?
A．They are unwilling to communicate with others. B．They are too shy to communicate with others. C．They are very fond of living alone. D．They don't like doing things as others do.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Many people are lonely because they're shy... cut off”可知，一些人感到孤独的原因是他们太害羞了，不敢和别人交流。
[答案] B
4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．We should neglect a small thing. B．Saying “Hello” to others is powerful. C．The flowers make the world better. D．No one is better than Joseph Joubert.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“A ‘Hello’ to a stranger is a small thing, and often neglected (忽视), but through it we can make the world better for another person”可知，向别人打招呼是有影响力的。
[答案] B
B
(2018·广州市普通高中综合测试一)Supermarket shelves are filled with plant－based alternatives to cow milk, including soy, nuts, and coconut milk. These products are popular with consumers who cannot drink cows' milk for health reasons, as well as with those concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability. While the dairy－free (非乳制的) options work well with cereal or in coffee, they fail miserably when it comes to making milk－based products like cheese or yogurt. However, these shortcomings may soon be a thing of the past, thanks to a new company in California, which has figured out how to create animal－free milk in a laboratory!
Perumal Gandhi and Ryan Pandya founded the company in 2014 after becoming increasingly annoyed with the lack of cows' milk－free alternatives, particularly for cheese. For Gandhi, who stopped consuming animal products five years earlier due to environmental and animal welfare concerns,
the motivation to create a better alternative stemmed from his love of cheesy pizza. Pandya was spurred into taking action after being forced to eat some “really bad” dairy－free cream cheese on his sandwich.
The two MIT biomedical engineering scientists decided to join forces to create a more realistic alternative to dairy－based products. In their university lab, the pair spent nine months first isolating cow DNA and then inserting it into yeast (酵母). This genetic modification enabled the yeast to produce the necessary milk proteins. The final step of the process involved mixing the proteins with some plant nutrients and fats.
The dairy－free milk not only tastes like the real thing but is also healthier, has a longer shelf life and, most important of all, is Earth－friendly. According to the company's website, when compared to conventional milk production, their process uses 65% less energy, creates 84% less greenhouse gas emissions and requires 91% less land and 98% less water! Best of all, since it contains real milk proteins, the product behaves like the cow－producing version, which means vegetarian consumers will no longer have to deal with soggy cheese on their sandwiches and pizzas.
The company plans to bring their creation to the market later this year and their first product will most likely be cheese since there are already numerous good cows' milk alternatives available to consumers.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。虽然豆奶、椰奶等非动物乳制品受到了不能喝牛奶和环保人士的青睐，但是人们很难成功制作非动物乳制品的奶酪和酸奶。麻省理工学院生物医学工程科学家创立的公司取得了技术突破，成功研制了非动物乳制品的奶，并计划生产第一代产品。
5．The underlined word “those” in Paragraph 1 refers to ________. A．alternatives C．products
B．people D．reasons
[解析] 代词指代题。根据第一段第二句“These products are popular with consumers who cannot drink cows' milk for health reasons, as well as with those concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability”可知，这些产品受到那些因为健康原因而不能喝牛奶的消费者和那些关注动物福利和环境可持续性的消费者的欢迎，据此可知，该句中的those指代“人们”，故B项正确。
[答案] B
6．Ryan Pandya was motivated to make the new product because of ________. A．his deep concern for the environment
B．his worry that farm animals were poorly treated C．the overconsumption of the dairy－based products D．the poor taste of dairy－free cheese presently available
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Pandya was spurred into taking action after being
forced to eat some ‘really bad’ dairy－free cream cheese on his sandwich”可知，Pandya在吃了三明治上“非常糟糕”的非乳制奶酪后便开始采取行动。据此可知，Pandya受到了现有的口感差的非乳制奶酪的激发，开始生产这种新产品，故D项正确。
[答案] D
7．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．The dairy－free milk cannot be stored for a long time. B．The new products will taste better than dairy－based ones. C．Cow farming causes considerable environmental damage. D．The dairy－free milk will be more expensive than cows' milk.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“According to the company's website, when compared to conventional milk production, their process uses 65% less energy, creates 84% less greenhouse gas emissions and requires 91% less land and 98% less water”可知，根据该公司网站，与传统的牛奶生产相比，他们的生产过程少消耗了65%的能源，减少了84%的温室气体排放，减少了91%的土地和98%的水的使用。据此可以判断，传统的牛奶生产对环境造成了一定的影响，故C项正确。
[答案] C
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Healthier Cheese B．New Milk Saves Planet C．Fresher Milk, Better Future D．Making Milk Without Cows
[解析] 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了加利福尼亚的一家公司成功研制了非动物乳制品的产品，填补了技术空白，并将于今年晚些时候生产第一代产品。据此可知，D项最适合作文章的标题。
[答案] D
2020高考二轮复习：2-1-7 明确说明文的读文、答题程序
