牛津译林版高中英语必修三
Unit 3 Grammar and usage教学设计
单元：Unit 3 Looking good, feeling good 板块：Grammar and usage (Question tags)
Thoughts on the design:
本单元的第二个语法项目是反意疑问句。笔者采取了从情景对话、规则到语感的高中英语语法教学思路。强调了情景化的对话呈现、对比体验式的语法规则讲解，尤其是语感形成在英语语法教学中的重要作用。针对本单元的语法项目进行有效教学，首先选取能激发学生兴趣的素材，考虑它的趣味性、情景性和实用性。趣味性是指该素材能吸引学生的注意力，让他们产生学习兴趣；所谓情景性是指该素材应借助于一定的情景，有助于激发学生的想象力；实用性是指该素材包括本单元的语法项目，重点突出，又简单易懂。
附加疑问句的语调在具体的语境中起着至关重要的作用，所以本节课开始时借助于简单的课堂用语，既引出附加疑问句的类型，同时也运用正确的语调把要介绍的信息传达给学生。借助与对话情景呈现所要教学的语法项目，让学生在故事或对话情景中体会和领悟语法规则，进而通过老师的引导、分析和适当的练习，巩固所学习的语法项目，最终达到语法规则运用自动化。在本节课的巩固环节中充分利用现有教材资源并加以改编，让语法在一定的情景中进行操练，最后再通过让学生反复阅读，强化语感的培养和形成。
Teaching aims:
1. After reviewing the usage of intonation， the students will be able to learn how to read question tags；
2. After learning the forms of the question tags， the students will learn what question tags are， and in what situations they are used；
3. They will be told how to use different intonations at the end of the sentences to express different meanings， and how to form question tags.
Teaching procedures: Step 1 Lead-in
Good morning. The bell isn’t ringing， is it？ Let’s have a free talk. Today I’ m wearing a
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new dress. I want to feel good and look good. I also find one of you wearing a new sweater.
He is very smart， isn’t he？ OK， the bell is ringing， isn’t it？ Let’s begin our class， shall we？
Today we’ll learn question tags. 1.肯定的陈述句+否定的附加疑问句。 He is very smart， isn’t he？ 2.否定的陈述句+肯定的附加疑问句。 The bell isn’t ringing， is it？ 3. 祈使句+附加疑问句。 Let’s begin our class， shall we？
Please read the sentences on the screen in a falling intonation and a rising intonation，you？
1. a. ↘ Yes. ———agreement b. ↗ Yes. ———question 2. a. ↗ All right. b. ↘ All right. 3. a. ↘Thank you. b. ↗ Thank you. 4. a. ↘ Good morning. b. ↗ Good morning.
Do you think the sentences have the same meaning in different intonations？ No. They have different meanings. Look at the screen.
1. a. Yes.——降调的“Yes.”表示同意对方的观点。
b. Yes.——升调的“Yes？”表示疑问，意为“真的吗？”“是吗？”。 在回答对方的呼唤时使用，意为“什么事？”或者“怎么啦？” 2. a. All right.——询问是否一切正常。 b. All right.——表示一切正常。
3. a. Thank you.——表示正式、严肃的感谢。
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b. Thank you.——这是出于礼貌而说的客气话。 4. a. Good morning.——这是比较正式的问候。
b. Good morning.——熟悉的朋友之间较随意的问候方式。 [Explanation]
本环节在上课之前，教师走进教室用肢体语言和在铃声要响之前的语境中第一次口头呈现本节课的语法项目。用几个简单的课堂用语引出附加疑问句的三种类型。附加疑问句的语调在此语法项目中起着至关重要的作用。用最为简洁的日常用语来引入语调的学习。预设情景，引出主题，发挥引入的三个作用，即引起兴趣、宣告主题和推进课程。(PPT4—6首先呈现口语中出现的附加疑问句的内容，然后点击展现附加疑问句的类型，教师边展现边用正确的语调读出，然后用不同的语调简要读出几个日常用语中所遇见的情景。)
Step 2 Intonation
We should know that reading English in correct intonation is very important. Let’s look at a question tag on the screen. How should we read the sentences？ You still go to the gym every day， don't you？ You still go to the gym every day， don't you？ ↘ You still go to the gym every day， don't you？ ↗
1. When we use a question tag to ask for agreement， we expect the other person to agree with us. The question tag has a rising intonation.
2. When we use a question tag to ask for confirmation， we are actually asking about something we are not sure about. The question tag has a rising intonation.
[Explanation]
本节课的设计思路为从情景、规则到语感的高中英语语法教学思路，优化语言输入，可以激发语感形成。所以语音语调在这一环节简要介绍，为最后的语感形成作好铺垫。在外语教学中，语感被认为是一种重要的外语能力。新课程标准提倡教师要引导学生用观察归纳和实践的方法学习语言知识，感悟语言功能，从而提高语言的综合运用能力。(PPT7—8)
Step 3 Presentation
1. Please look at the pictures and read the sentences in correct intonation. Wow！ I think this blouse will make me look slim， won't it？
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This is really difficult but I feel so strong， don't I？ You must get enough sleep to stay healthy， mustn't you？ Eating more fruit makes me feel better， doesn't it？
2. Read the dialogue and pay attention to the underlined sentences. A Dirty Car
John， Peter and Mark are brothers. Their father has a new car， and they clean it for him， aren't they？ It must have just rained， and the car is very dirty， isn't it？ John is looking at it， and he is talking to Peter.
John: The car has hardly been cleaned for a few days， has it？ Peter: No， it hasn't. It’s very dirty.
John: Someone ought to clean it today， oughtn't they/shouldn't they？ Peter: Mark has to clean it， doesn't he？ It must be his turn， isn't it？ John: No， he cleaned it last time. It’s your turn. Peter: No， it isn't. You always clean it after Mark.
John: Oh dear， is it really my turn？ In that case， I'll clean it tomorrow.
Peter: Clean it now， will you？ Only lazy people say they'll work tomorrow， don't they？
John: Then I’ll clean it the day after tomorrow.
Peter: You are lazy. You ought to be ashamed. I think you should enjoy working， shouldn't you？
[Explanation]
笔者利用“Welcome to the unit.”的四张图片引出附加疑问句的部分用法。引导学生关注句子中的附加疑问句部分，并运用在第一环节所教授的语调规则进行反复诵读、理解并体会黑体部分在不同句子中的意义及功能的异同。学生基本上可以利用已有的语法知识推断某些黑体部分在句子中的语法功能及其含义。若有疑问，学生之间可以先讨论，确实无法解决时再寻求老师的帮助。(PPT9—13， 用“welcome to the unit” 的情景引出附加疑问句的语调和不同的构成类型。PPT14—17，呈现一篇情景对话含有附加疑问句，教师可让学生快速理解对话内容，运用正确的语调进行朗读，关注划线的部分，深刻体会。)
Step4 Question Tags
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Ask the students to read and research the given sentences about Question tags. Discuss some laws of the use of question tags.
Someone ought to clean it today， oughtn't they/shouldn't they？
1. 当陈述句的主语是everybody、 everyone，、someone，、no one，、nobody、 somebody 或不定人称代词时，附加疑问句中的主语一般用they，但在很正式的语体中也可使用he。如果主语是everything、something、 anything、 nothing、 this、that时，附加疑问句的主语用it。
The car has hardly been cleaned for a few days， has it？
2. 当陈述句带有seldom、hardly、never、rarely、 little、nobody、nowhere、 few，、nothing 等否定词或半否定词时，附加疑问句的动词用肯定形式。
Their father has a new car， and they clean it for him， don't they？ It must have just rained， and the car is very dirty， isn't it？
3. 陈述部分是并列句时，附加疑问部分的主语应与邻近分句的主语一致。 Only lazy people say they'll work tomorrow， don't they？ I think you should enjoy working， shouldn't you？
4. 陈述句部分是复合句时，附加疑问句部分的主语与主句主语一致。但如果陈述部分的主语是I think、I suppose，、I believe 等结构时，附加疑问句部分则应与从句中的主语和谓语动词一致。但要注意否定前置的情况。
Their father has a new car， doesn't he/hasn't he？ Mark has to clean it， doesn't he？
5. 陈述句部分有表示“有”含义的动词 have/has时，附加疑问句中的动词部分可以用 have/has/had 或do/does/did形式。而当陈述句部分的 have/has不表示“有”时，附加疑问句中的动词部分需用do/does/did形式。hey？
It must be his turn， isn't it？
6. 陈述部分的动词是must be， 且表示目前情况的猜测时，附加疑问句部分的动词要用be的各种人称变化形式。
It must have just rained， hasn't it？ It must have rained yesterday， didn't it？
7. 陈述部分的谓语是“must+ have done”， 表示对过去情况的猜测时，附加疑问句中的动词部分需用did(有明确的时间状语) 或have/ has(无明确的过去时间状语或有与现在相关
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牛津译林版高中英语必修三《Unit3 Back to the past》 Grammar and usage 教案 1
