畅游学海敢搏风浪誓教金榜题名。决战高考,改变命运。凌风破浪击长空,擎天揽日跃龙门专题9 并列句和状语从句 考纲展示 命题探究
考点一 并列句
基础点
由并列连词连接的,两个或两个以上的分句放在一起的句子叫并列句。不同的并列连词有不同的意义,也折射出各个分句之间的不同逻辑关系。根据分句之间的不同关系,并列句可以分为以下几种:
1 表示并列或递进关系的并列句
表示并列关系的连词有and, both...and..., not only... but also..., neither... nor...等。
Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都有交通问题。
Not_only the students but_(also) their teacher is enjoying the movie. 不仅学生而且老师也喜欢这部电影。 2 表示选择关系的并列句
表示选择关系的并列连词有or, or else, otherwise, either...or..., not... but...等。
Be careful about what you say or you may regret it. 当心你讲的话,否则你会后悔的。
You can come either on Saturday or on Sunday. 你可以星期六或者星期日来。 3 表示对比转折关系的并列句
表示转折关系的并列连词有but, yet, however, whereas, nevertheless, while等。 I would have written before, but I was ill. 我本该早写信的,但我生病了。
I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了,但我还要再尝试。
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Some men are rich, while_(whereas) others are poor. 一些人富有,但其他人贫穷。 4 表示因果关系的并列句
表示因果关系的连词有so, for, thus, therefore等。 It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over. 昨晚一定下雨了,因为到处都是湿的。
The shops were closed, so I didn't get any milk. 商店都关门了,所以我没买到牛奶。
5 when可用作并列连词,相当于and at this/that time,意为“正在这时,突然”。这种用法常用于下列句式:
sb. be about to do/on the point of doing sth. when...某人正要做某事突然…… sb. be doing sth. when...某人正在做某事突然…… sb. had just done sth. when...某人刚做完某事突然……
We were_having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。
We were_about_to_set_off_when_it suddenly began to rain. 我们正打算动身,突然下起了雨。
I had_just_finished my homework when Tom came to me. 我刚写完作业,Tom就来找我了。
重难点
1 有并列连词时的主谓一致
(1)当or, either...or..., neither...nor..., both...and..., not only... but also...等连接并列成分作主语时,谓语动词的单复数根据“就近一致”原则确定。
Either he or I am right. 或者他或者我是正确的。
(2)“名词+as well as+名词”作主语时,强调的是前面的名词,谓语动词的形式要根据前面的名词而定。
2 although/though 不能与but连用,但可以和yet和still连用 Although he lives alone, yet he lives very happily. 他虽然单独生活,但很愉快。
[考法综述] 并列句的考查主要集中在并列连词的基本用法,在语篇型语法填空
和短文改错中常会涉及,近五年考查了14次。
命题法 考查并列连词的逻辑关系
典例1 I was glad to meet Janny again, ________ I didn't want to spend all
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day with her.
[答案] but/yet 句意:我很高兴再次见到Janny,但是我不想整天和她在一起。前后两分句之间为转折关系,故用but/yet。
典例2 Read this story, you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
________________________________________________________
[答案] you前加and 根据分析可知,前后两个分句之间是顺承关系,故应用and连接。
【解题法】 并列连词的必备知识和一般解题思路 (1)首先要了解并列连词的基本用法及所表示的逻辑关系。
(2)在语法填空中,考查并列连词时是不给提示词的,因而要根据语境正确判断分句之间的相互关系,并熟练运用。
(3)在短文改错中,经常考查的是并列连词的错用和漏用。
A.单句填空
1.There the air is clean________the mountains are green.
答案 and [句意:那里空气清新且山脉一片绿。前后句为并列关系,故填and。] 2.He is a shy man,________ he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 答案 but [句意:他是一个害羞的人,但他不惧怕任何人和事。空处前后两个分句之间为转折关系,故用连词but。]
3.In that case, eat before the flight,________an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping.
答案 or [句意:在那种情况下,在乘飞机之前要用餐,否则空腹会让你睡不着觉。这是一个“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”的句式,祈使句“eat before the flight”和“an empty stomach”是相反的,故用or。]
4.Give me a chance, ________I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
答案 and [句意:给我一个机会,我会给你一个很大的惊喜。前后文之间是顺承关系,故用and。题干为“祈使句+连词+陈述句”句式。]
5.Some animals carry seeds from one place to another,________plants can spread to new places.
答案 so [句意:一些动物把种子从一处带到另一处,这样植物就能传播到新的地方。根据句意可知,此处表示结果。故用so来连接并列句。]
6.Give them their happiness ________ you will get your own happiness. 答案 and [句意:给他们快乐,你也能收获到你自己的快乐。本句是“祈使句+and+陈述句”句式。]
7.They are open for one more day, ________ I'm going to see it tonight. 答案 so [句意:它们会再开放一天,因此我今天晚上想去看。for one more day导致了go to see it tonight,所以本空填表示结果的连词so。]
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