Chapter 1 American Beginnings
Exercises I. Explain the following:
1. the meaning of being an American according to Crevecoeur 2. American Indians
3. Columbus' \4. the Religious Reformation
5. the first English permanent settlement in North America 6. Puritanism
7. the Pilgrim Fathers 8. Quakerism 9. William Penn
10. the Declaration of Independence11. George Washington 12. Thomas Jefferson 13. Benjamin Franklin II. Fill in the blanks:
1. In 1782, the Frenchman who settled in Pennsylvania first asked the question \an American\
2.The New World of America was peopled as a result of two long-continuing
immigration movements, the first one from_____ and the second from_____ and ______.
3.American Indians had developed three brilliant civilizations before the Europeans arrived. These three civilization were _________, ______and__________. 4. Columbus discovered the New World in the year of____________.
5. The English king claimed the territory of North America based on the voyage of___________.
6.______________was the first to start the Religious Reformation and the next important leader of the Reformation was__________.
7.The first permanent settlement in North America was established in today's in the year of__________.
8.The crop _______ that was transplanted from the West Indian saved Virginia. 9.Lord Baltimore who set up the colony of _____was_____ in religion.
10.New England was founded by a group of religious believers called _______while Pennsylvania was planted by_______ who was a _____ in religion.
11.Two most important principles of the Holy Experiment were_____and______. 12._______officially proclaimed the birth of a new American nation.
13.Name two of the taxes imposed on North American colonies by the British Parliament on the eve of the American Revolution:_____ and_________.
14. The institution that began to assume the function of a national government during the American Revolution was____________.
III. Choose the correct answer to each of the following questions:
1. Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution?
A. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants. B. American had the mixed blood of Europeans with American Indians. C. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with blacks.
D. The American had the blood of the English and their descendants only.
2. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe? A. The growth of capitalism. B. The Renaissance.
C. The Religious Reformation.
D. The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.
3. The following were the main Reformation leaders except A. Martin Luther.
B. Martin Luther King. C. John Calvin.
D. The English King Henry VIII.
4. The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except A. challenging the authority of the Pope. B. salvation through faith.
C. salvation through the church.
D. establishing a direct contact with God.
5. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism? A. separation of state and church. . B. respect of education. C. intolerant moralism. D. a sense of mission.
6. Lord Baltimore's feudal plan failed because
A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland. B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible. C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce. D. the English king did not like the plan.
7. The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except A. George Washington. B. Thomas Jefferson. C. William Penn.
D. Benjamin Franklin.
8. The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly from A. George Washington. B. Thomas Jefferson. C. John Adams. D. John Locke.
9. Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism? A. Catholics. B. Puritans. C. Quakers.
D. Church of England.
10. \
A. the settlers of Virginia. B. the people of Pennsylvania. C. the colonists in New England.
D. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution.
Questions for Thought
1. What is an American? Comment on the answer to the question by Crevecoeur.
2. How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American colonies?
3. What was the unique American. phenomenon ? Flow did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in today American society?
4. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?
5. How is it that American development was characterized with capitalism from the very beginning? Why do you think thefeudal system failed in early America? 6. Comment on the Holy Experiment by William Penn.
7. What were some of the causes of the American Revolution? Explain the Declaration of Independence.
KEY TO THE EXERCISES
Chapter 1.
I Explain the following:
1. the meaning of being an American according to Crevecoeur
Crevecoeur believed that the American was a new man with the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants. This new man left behind him all the ancient European traditions and received new ones in the New World. In North America, all individuals were melted into a new race of the American. This new man acted upon new principles, entertained new ideas and formed new opinions. 2. American Indians
American Indians, who were mistakenly called by Columbus, moved to the Americas from Asia about 25, 000 years ago. They developed their own aboriginal cultures and some of them such as the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas were very advanced when Europeans arrived in the New World. But as a result of European conquest, the Indian population was quickly reduced and their cultures were ruthlessly destroyed. 3. Columbus's \
Christopher Columbus, an Italian sailor. believed that by sailing west from Europe he could reach the East. In 1492, he persuaded the Spanish monarchy to support his voyage. He landed on one of the Bahama Islands in the Caribbean Sea and thus \Based on his voyage. The Spanish king claimed the territory of the Americas and later conquered the native Americans and established a huge empire. 4. the Religious Reformation
In1517, Martin Luther, a German theology professor, started to reform the Catholic Church which had dominated Europe for centuries. He challenged the authority of the Pope and attacked the practice of the sale of indulgences. He believed that people could be saved only by their faith in Jesus Christ and through a direct contact with God. The Rell0lous Reformation. which was capitalistic in nature, had great impact on the modern development of\and North America.
5. the first English permanent settlement in North America
The first English permanent settlement was organized in 1607 by the London Company with a charter from the English king. The colonists settled in Virginia and survived by imposing strict discipline on themselves and by transplanting tobacco into the colony of Virginia. In 1619. the settlers elected their delegates and set up the House of Burgesses, and the same time they bought and enslaved black servants. These two events greatly influenced the political and social development of the Unite States later. 6. Puritanism
Puritans were those who followed the doctrine of John Calvin and wanted to purify the Church of England. They believed that human beings were predestined by God before they were born. Some were God's chosen people while others were damned to hell. No church nor good works could save people. The sign of being God's elect was the success in his work or the prosperity in his calling. They also argued that everyone must read the Bible in order to find God's will and establish a direct contact with God. These beliefs had great impact on American culture.
Chapter 1 American BeginningsExercisesI
