连读、加音、爆破、同化、省音、弱读、浊化
——英语常见语流现象
1. 连读：
两个相邻单词首尾音素自然的拼读在一起，中间不停顿，被称为连读。连读只发生在同一意群之内，即意思联系紧密的短语或从句之内。 1）词尾辅音+词首元音，如： Stand?up. Not?at?all. Put?it?on, please. Please pick?it?up. I'm?an?English boy. It?is?an?old book. Let me have?a look?at?it. Ms Black worked in?an?office. I called you half?an?hour?ago.
2）词尾不发音r或re+词首元音，词尾r发音/r/。如： far?away
Here?is a letter for you. Here?are four?eggs. where?is my cup?
Where?are your brother?and sister? They're my father?and mother. I looked for?it here?and there. There?is a football under?it. There?are some books on the desk. 注：当有意群进行停顿时不可连读。如： Is?it a hat or?a cat?（hat 与or 之间不可以连读）
There?is?a good book in my desk. （book 与in 之间不可以连读）
Can you speak?English or French? （English 与or 之间不可以连读）
Shall we meet at?eight or ten tomorrow morning? （meet 与 at，eight 与or 之间不可以连读）
She opened the door and walked?in. （door 与and 之间不可以连读）
2. 加音：
在连贯的语流中，人们往往会在两个元音之间加入一个外加音帮助发音，从而更加流畅地表达意思。
1）词尾元音/?,u:/+词首元音，在词尾加上一个轻微的/w/。如： Go w away. How w and why did you come here? The question is too w easy for him to answer. 2）词尾元音/?,i:/+词首元音，在词尾加上一个轻微的/j/。如： I j am Chinese. She can't carry j it. I j also need the j other one. He j is very friendly to me. She wants to study j English. It'll take you three j hours to walk there.
3. 失去爆破与不完全爆破： 1）失去爆破：爆破音+爆破音
当两个爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/相邻时，前一个爆破音只按其发音部位做好发音口形、形成阻碍，而不爆破出来，稍微停顿后即发出后面的辅音。前一个爆破音被称为失去爆破。失去爆破产生的原因大体上是由于省力原则造成的。如： Kept/Blackboard/Notebook/Goodbye/September/Suitcase Big boy Sharp pencil What time You must pay. Ask Bob to sit behind me. She took good care of the children.
2）不完全爆破： A）爆破音+摩擦音
爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/与摩擦音/f,v,s,z,?,?,θ,e,r,h/相邻时，产生不完全爆破。发摩擦音时，发音器官并不形成阻碍而只形成一个很狭小的缝隙，让气流从缝隙中摩擦而出。如果一个爆破音与摩擦音相接，它爆破冲出的气流只能从狭小的缝隙中通过，这种爆破是不完全的。失去爆破产生的原因大体上是由于省力原则造成的。如： Advance/Success A good view Old friends Just then Get through Make sure Night show Keep silence. Keep that in mind. B）爆破音+破擦音
爆破音与破擦音/t?,d?,tr,dr/相邻时，产生不完全爆破。如： Picture/Object That child Good job Sweet dream Great changes A fast train C）爆破音+鼻辅音
爆破音与鼻辅音/m,n,?/相邻时：在词中，不完全爆破；在词尾，鼻腔爆破。如： Utmost/Admit/Midnight/Certain/Button/Garden Good morning Good night Start now I don’t know Just moment A good neighbor D）爆破音+边辅音
爆破音与边辅音/l/相邻时：在词中，不完全爆破；在词尾，舌侧爆破。如：Lately/Badly/Mostly/Friendly A bit louder I’d like to Straight line Good luck At last At lunch
4. 同化：
人们在说话的时往往会不自觉地让一个音受相邻音的影响，使它们变得与其相同或相似；或者两个音互相影响，变为第三个音。这两种现象被称为音的同化。同化可以发生在同一个词、复合词内或者句子相邻词之间。 1）因声带的影响而发生的同化：
A）浊辅音可变为清辅音，如：of(v→f) course，his(z→s) pen，with(e→θ) pleasure。 B）清辅音可变为浊辅音，如：like(k→g) that。
2）因发音部位的影响而发生的同化： A）/t/+/j/→/t?/。如： Don’t hurt yourself! I’ll let you go this time. Don’t you do that again. It’s very nice to meet you. B）/d/+/j/→/d?/。如： Did your sister come? Would you please come in? Could you read this for me please? You didn’t like English, did you? C）/s/+/j/→/?/。如： I miss you. May God bless you. We will come this year. D）/z/+/j/→/?/。如： Here’s your ticket. I love you because you are you. Don’t expect he tells you the truth.
5. 省音：
在快速、随便的言语中，一些音素被省略掉，被称为省音。省音能提高语速，使说话省力。在正式场合和语速慢的情况下，省音不是必须的。
1）同一单词内元音的省略，主要是非重读音节中的/?/和/?/，如：ord(i)n(a)ry。 2）当前一单词以辅音结尾，后一单词以/?/开头时，/?/常被省略，如：walk (a)way。 3）当前一单词以否定形式-n't结尾，后一单词以辅音开头时，/t/常被忽略，如： She isn'(t) there. I didn’(t) hear you. He can’(t) believe that.
4）任何一个辅音，若后面紧跟着/h/，/h/可以不发音。如： Come (h)ere! Must (h)e /ti/ go?
语音人教版七年级上册英语 语音 5. 常见语流现象：连读、加音、爆破、同化、省音、弱读
