英语课程论文
论文题目：The influence and development trends of
non-tariff barriers 非关税壁垒的影响和发展趋势
学生姓名： 王俊 学 号： 1003090116 班 级： 英语1001
完成日期：2012 年 11 月 4 日
The influence and development trends of non-tariff barriers
Abstract
International trade is the production of the human history development,and the
non-tariff barriers become the primary means to continue international trade and a country’s foreign trade control.In this paper, our discussion among the impact of non-tariff barriers and our country current trade situation will give export-oriented enterprises something to think about and learn from.
Key words: Non-tariff barrier, International trade , Export,
Content
1. The
introduction
of
non-tariff
barrier
and
tariff
barrier………………………………………………………………… 01
1.1 Analysis the difference between tariff measures and non-tariff measures.
………………………………………………………………… 01
2. The influence of non-tariff barriers ………………………..………….02
2.1
The
non-tariff
barriers
’
influence
on
International
trade ………………………………..………….02 2.2
The
non-tariff
barriers
’
influence
on
importing
nation …………………………..……..02 2.3
The
non-tariff
barriers
’
influence
on
exporting
nation: …………………………………………….………..03
3. non-tariff barriers field presents a new development trend : …………………………………………….04
3.1 The constantly strengthen anti-dumping and Anti-state subsidies measures …………………………………………….05 3.2
The
rapid
development
of
the
technical
barriers
of
trade
(TBT) …………………………………………….05 3.3
More
and
more
green
barriers
exit
in
trade …………………………………………….05
4. Conclusion …………………………………………….05
The influence and development trends of non-tariff barriers Non-tariff barrier means a country government takes the measures of various administrative
measures and legal measures instead of tariff measures in order to manage its foreign trade activities. The main reason of non-tariff barrier is the imbalance of the world’s political and economic development .
Tariff barrier refers to the import and export commodities must to pay tax when they need to past the customs territory,It is set up by government, so it has the nature of mandatory, free without return anything and setting scheduled time to submit.
Analysis the difference between tariff measures and non-tariff measures. First , non-tariff measures are more flexible and pertinent.The formulation of tariff measures must through certain legislation procedures, If it needs to adjust or change rate,It also need a certain legal procedures and formalities, so the tariff has certain continuity.While the formulation and implementation of non-tariff measures are usually just need adopt some administrative procedures, It is quietly rapid and simple to make.It can replace the formulation in any time in order to restrict import certain commodity .so it can quickly achieve the purpose of import restriction.Secondly, the protection of non-tariff measures are more intense and direct.Tariff measures improve the cost of goods and price through the pay tariff ,and then weaken the competition ability of commodity through pay more tariff. The protection ability is indirect.While some non-tariff measures such as import quotas can limit import quantity and amount in advance, If the commodity beyond limit import quantity and amount ,It could ban import directly, thus can quickly and directly achieve tariff purpose. Finally, non-tariff measures is more elusive and discriminatory. Tariff measures, including the determination of tax rate and the collection method are transparent, the exporter can more easily obtain relevant information. In addition, the discrimination of tariff measures is relatively low, it is restricted by bilateral relations and international multilateral trade agreement.While some non-tariff measures are often less transparent ,having strong concealment and pertinence, It is easy to imply discrimination toward other countries .
Non-tariff barriers has a variety of reasons and covers a wide range, so it is difficulty to estimate its impact of international trade and the relevant import and export country.
1
The non-tariff barriers ’ influence on International trade : Non-tariff barrier plays a big blockade role in international trade development .For example, After the second world war ,In the beginning of 50 s to 70 s, the tariff has a substantial declination. At the same time, the developed countries are greatly relaxed and cancel the limitation of import quantity ,having a limitation on non-tariff measures, These kind of measures promote the development of international trade to some extent. From 1950 to 1973, The average growth rate of world trade volume reached 7.2%.In contrast, in the middle of 70 s, many countries have taken various forms of non-tariff barriers measures, It has an impact on the development of international trade. From 1973 to 1979 years,The world trade grew at an annual average rate of 4.5%, From 1980 to 1985 years, It has been reduced to 3%.
The non-tariff barriers ’ influence on importing nation : Firstly ,causing the increasing of commodity prices, making consumers suffer losses. Non-tariff measures have a restriction on import ,that make imports quantity reduce quietly, In other certain conditions , it also cause the increasing price on import commodity ,so consumers need to spend more money to buy it. Secondly, increasing the country's financial income. Whether financial tariffs or protective tariffs, they both play important roles on national finance income .Finally, Protecting domestic industries and markets. After imposing tariffs on imported goods, the cost of importing goods is increasing, and then weaken the importing goods’competitiveness towards domestic similar products,and thus play a role in protecting domestic industries and markets. Imported commodity prices growth will lead to the improvement of the domestic prices of similar products. In this way it brings more profit to the domestic manufacturers concerned.The same as tariff barriers ,non-tariff barriers play important roles on restrict importing ,causing the growth on domestic market prices and then protecting the domestic market and production. For example, the United States government Imply policy of the self-limiting agreements to restrict Japanese auto imports results in every Japanese car prices in the U.S. market in 1981-1983, respectively an increase price by $ 185, $ 359 and $ 831, U.S. domestic production car prices growth,too .However, people in capitalist countries paid a huge price for the strengthen of the non-tariff barriers. Due to rising domestic prices, the consumers of the importing country must buy needed goods at a higher price, the manufacturers, especially monopoly capitalism organizations gain high profits. Meanwhile, with the prices of the
2
非关税贸易壁垒 英文版
