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高考冲刺：语法填空
题型介绍
语法填空题将语法知识的考查置于一篇短文中，通过设置纯空格题填空和给词填空两种形式来表现，突出考查学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力，更能客观、准确地考查学生的语法知识水平。此题虽然只有15分，占英语全卷分数的十分之一，但也是英语考卷的重要组成部分，不容忽视。 命题原则：
1. 短文题材：题材多样，或体现文化内涵、文化交往，或给人以启迪等。 2. 短文长度：约200词，一般不超过12句话，设10个空，句首不设空。
3. 短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词，此题考查考生在特定语境中语法的分析和运用能力。
4. 考点设置：只能填一个词的纯空格题：设6-7个小题；用所给的词填空题：设3-4小题。纯空格题通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等词；给词填空通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、词类转换等，答案可能是一个单词、两个单词或两个以上单词。
5. 常常会出现所填词位于句首，目的是考查该单词的第一个字母要大写。 考点分析：
语法填空题主要考查的是语法和上下文的连贯性，而语法是重点。它主要考查的内容为高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握情况。
解题技巧
纯空格试题的解题技巧
纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词) 等虚词。 首先，分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。共有以下7个技巧： 1. 在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。
2. 名词前面，若没有限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等），很可能是填限定词。 3. 名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，前面一定是填介词。 4. 若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。
5. 若两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词（连接并列的句子）或从属连词（连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句）。 6. 由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。
(1) 由it is … that… 强调结构的形式，判断it 还是that。判断方法：去掉it is … that…结构，句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。
(2) 由it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格是否填it.
(3) 在倒装句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not…until等词。
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给出了动词的试题解题技巧
首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。
（2015新课标一）It was raining lightly when I __61__ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. when 引导的从句缺谓语，根据整个句子时态用过去时。
若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动 词就要确定是v-ing形式，-ed形式，还是不定式。 （2015新课标二）Still, the boy kept 67 (ride). keep后接doing表示“一直……”。
（2015新课标一）Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69(regularly) (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 第70题句子已经有主句谓语says，和从句谓语arranges，空格处需要填入people的定语living。 （2015 新课标二）When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough __66 ____ (cool) the house during the hot day. 形容词加enough后接不定式，填入to cool。 词类转换题的解题技巧
1. 动词的词类转换主要做主语、宾语和定语。
2. 给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；
3. 给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；
4. 作表语（在系动词之后）、定语（修饰名词）或宾补（表性质状态），通常用形容词形式。 5. 修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。
6. 有的词义转换题，词类或词性不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-, in-等，在词根后加-less等。
（2015 新课标二）As 69 (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70(how) thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
natural 形容词做定语修饰名词architects。
（2015 新课标二）Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65 （slow）during cool nights，thus warning the house.
slowly 用slow的副词形式slowly修饰动词give out.
真题再现
2015新课标一卷 Yangshuo, China
It was raining lightly when I 1 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn．But I didn’t care. A few hours 2 , I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with 3 (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
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I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 5 (painting). Instead, I’d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away 6 Car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. Yangshuo 7 (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 8 (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 9 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 10 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
2015 广东高考
Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned ___1___ farm, which looked almost abandoned. ___2___ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby ___3___ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what ___4___ (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass ___5___ it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she ___6___ (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons tried to make a living ___7___ the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees ___8___ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his children’s clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market ___9___ people from the town met regularly. Now it occurred to ___10___ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
2015新课标二卷
The adobe dwellings(土坯房）___1___(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ___2___ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their __3___(able) to “air condition” a house without ___4__（use）electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat__5___（slow）during cool nights，thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough __6 __ (cool) the house during the hot day: __7__ the same time, they warm up again for the night This cycle __8 __ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset（抵消）for the outside temperatures. As __9__ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly__10__thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
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人教版高中英语[知识点整理及重点题型梳理]语法填空
