中考宾语从句的几个考点
宾语从句的结构为主句+连接词+从句,考点大多出自连接词与从句,考查这些知识的题型常常是单项选择题、句型转换题与用动词的适当形式填空三种题型,以前两种较为常见。 下面详细具体讲解一下考点: (1) 宾语从句的语序
考生只要记住:不管这个含有宾语从句的复合句的句式是否为疑问句,宾语从句的语序是陈述语序(或者称之为正常语序),即主语在前,谓语在后,从句中不会出现像do,did,does这三个无意义的助动词。
常用的出题形式为单项选择题、句型转换题(直接引语转换为间接引语此类的题)。 例题
1.He asked his father _______.
A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen
解析:本题可以用排除法做,首先根据从句的语序应该为陈述语序可排除B、D,然后再根据主句的时态,可以排除A,所以答案选C.所以关于宾语从句的单项选择题是最好做。 (2) 宾语从句的时态
从句的时态受主句的限制,符合这样的原则:“主过从过”——如果主句的时态是一般过去时,那么从句的时态要变成相应的过去的各种时态(有一种情况是除外的,如果从句说的是客观的事实或是真理,从句的时态只能用一般现在时);如果主句的时态是一般现在时,从句的时态要用所需要的各种时态,此时从句的时态就不受主句限制了。例如:
1. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn?t know. (变为含有宾语从句的复合句)
→ Jack didn?t know that there would be a meeting in five days.(主过从过)
2.I don?t know.They have finished their homework. (变为含有宾语从句的复合句)
→ I don?t know that they have finished their homework . 因为主句的时态是一般现在时所以从句就用原来的时态就可以了
3.The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun. 老师告诉过我们地球围绕着太阳转动。(是客观真理)
(3) 从句人称的变化
在把直接引语变间接引语这类题中,人称的相应变化是个考查重点,它遵循一个原则,“一随主,二随宾,三不变”具体的讲,即直接引语中的人称在宾语从句中要发生变化,如果是第一人称则要随着主句的主语变,是第二人称就要随着主句的宾语变化,如果是第三人称就不需要变化了。此类题常以句型转换的形式考查。 请看下面的例子:
1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句)→ Tom's mother asked him if he wanted to try it. (仔细观察划线部分的变化 二随宾)
2.My mother told me .”He will come to see me.”(同义句) → My mother told me he would come to see her (一随主,三不变)
(4) 连接词的选择
考查这一内容的题型主要是?直接引语变间接引语?。如果直接引语部分是陈述句,选择的连接词是that,如果直接引语部分是一般疑问句,选择的连接词是if或whether,如果直接引语部分是特殊疑问句,引导词为特殊疑问词。由此我们得出宾语从句的引导词可以分为三大类:
(5) 宾语从句的简化问题
对于含有宾语从句的复合句进行简化,即由复合句变成简单句,可以分为两种情况:
第一:如果主句的谓语动词是,ask,tell,hope,wish,decide,agree等,从句部分可以转化为动词不定式结构。例如:
I hope that I can receive your email(改为简单句) → I hope to receive your email.
第二:有些以特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,从句部分亦可以简化为动词不定
式结构,即特殊疑问词+to do ,特别是当主句的谓语动词为know,ask,forget,remember,learn,tell,teach等。例如:
I don't know how I can get to the hospital.(改为简单句) → I don't know how to get to the hospital. 这类题也可以反过来做: 例如:
Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.(改为复合句) → Lucy hasn't decided which trousers I will \\can buy.
(6)以I\\We think\\believe\\suppose+宾语从句复合句中,变为反意疑问句时,要依据从句,而非主句。同时还应该注意这种句型的否定转移问题。例如:
I don?t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句) → I don?t suppose they will come, will they ? 再如:
She doesn?t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句) She doesn?t suppose they will come, does she ?
初中宾语从句的几个考点供参考
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