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基于GIS洛阳地区暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划分析
作者:马进
来源:《现代农业科技》2017年第23期
摘要 为了分析洛阳地区暴雨洪涝灾害风险和区划,利用1961—2010年洛阳市气象观测资料,综合全市9个县(市)的气象、地理、社会经济与防灾抗灾等数据,应用GIS技术构建洛阳市暴雨洪涝灾害风险评价模型,定量分析洛阳市暴雨洪涝风险的致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体易损性、防灾抗灾能力多个因子,计算得到洛阳地区暴雨洪涝灾害综合风险指数,并绘制了风险区划图。结果表明,洛阳地区洛宁、偃师东部、孟津中东部、洛阳市区风险等级较低;高风险区主要分布在栾川南部、汝阳、伊川西部和宜阳东部地区。 关键词 暴雨;洪涝灾害;风险指数;风险区划;GIS;河南洛阳
中图分类号 P426.616 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739(2017)23-0199-03 Abstract In order to analyze the risk and regionalization of rainstorm and flood disaster in Luoyang area,using the data of Luoyang in 1961-2010,comprehensive the meteorological,geographic,socio-economic and disaster prevention and other data of 9 counties,risk assessment model of rainstorm flood disaster based on GIS was established,about the risk factors of flood disaster,the sensitivity of the disaster environment,the vulnerability of disaster bearing body and the ability of disaster prevention and resilience were quantitative analyzed,the comprehensive risk index of flood disaster in Luoyang was calculated.The results showed that the risk level of Luoning,Eastern Yanshi,Eastern Mengjin and Luoyang was lower in the Luoyang area,and the high risk areas were mainly distributed in the south of Luanchuan,Ruyang,western Yichuan and the east of Yiyang.
Key words rainstorm;flood disaster;risk index;risk zoning;GIS;Luoyang Henan 洛阳市位于北纬34°32′~34°45′、东经112°16′~112°37′,横跨黄河中下游南北两岸,境内山川丘陵交错,地形复杂多样,以山区、丘陵为主,地势西高东低。洛阳地区属暖温带季风区,夏季炎热、雨水集中,暴雨频发。洛阳地区特有的地貌特征和气候特征易诱发滑坡、中小流域洪涝等气象地质灾害,暴雨洪涝发生频率及造成的直接经济损失呈逐年增加趋势。 近年来,国内外对暴雨灾害风险评估方法、指标体系和方法技术等进行了大量的研究,并获得具有重大意义的研究成果。耿焕同等[1]构建区域暴雨积涝评价模型,对上海市嘉定区进行暴雨积涝灾害精细化分析;解以扬等[2]通过分析暴雨频次分布特点,对暴雨灾害风险进行评估;田心如等[3]统计梅雨资料,通过数据统计方法对梅雨灾害进行评估分析;刘合香等[4]