Annual output of 30,000 tons of dimethyl ether distillation section in the design of separation device
ABSTRACT
In recent years, DME has become an alternative channel of international oil and new secondary energy and hot topics, That aroused national concern and attention.
Preparation of dimethyl ether mainly methanol dehydration and One-step synthesis. With the traditional methanol synthesis compared to synthesis of dimethyl ether, one-step synthesis of dimethyl ether process more rational economy, more competitive in the market and it is moving towards industrialization. Currently, synthesis gas to dimethyl ether is the latest technology Preparation of dimethyl ether. Compared with methanol dehydration, system of direct synthesis of DME as the existence of unreacted synthesis gas and carbon dioxide finished. If it want to get high purity dimethyl ether, more
complicated separation process. Developed mainly in the separation process such as chemical absorption and distillation unit operation in the process of dimethyl ether with higher purity product. This design aimed at separating the distillation process for process design, separation of dimethyl ether, methanol and water ternary system. Design of distillation towers used valve. Use the whole top of the tower condenser cooling device used to accurately control the reflux ratio. Bottom of the column of steam heating by steam to provide sufficient heat. Obtained by calculating the number of theoretical plates, tower efficiency, the actual plate number, feed location. The main tower in the plate design and calculation of process dimensions derived column diameter, the effective tower, sieve number. Checking through the sieve of fluid mechanics, to prove that the indicator data are in line with standards to ensure the smooth progress of distillation process and to improve efficiency as much as possible Keywords: DME separate ternary system distillation
目 录
摘要 .............................................................................................................. I
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. II 1 绪论 ....................................................................................................... 1
1.1概述 ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1设计依据 ................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 设计规模及设计要求.............................................................................. 1 1.1.3 产品规格、性质及用途 ......................................................................... 1 1.1.4技术来源 ................................................................................................... 3 1.2二甲醚分离装置流程 .................................................................................. 6
2 精馏塔的工艺计算 ................................................................................ 8
2.1精馏塔的物料衡算 ...................................................................................... 8 2.1.1基础数据 ................................................................................................... 8 2.1.2物料衡算 ................................................................................................... 8 2.2精馏塔工艺计算 ........................................................................................ 10 2.2.1物料衡算 ................................................................................................. 10 2.2.2操作条件的确定 .................................................................................... 10 2.3精馏塔设备计算 ........................................................................................ 12 2.3.1基础数据 ................................................................................................. 12 2.3.2塔板数的确定 ......................................................................................... 15 2.3.3精馏塔主要尺寸计算 ............................................................................ 18 2.3.4塔板结构设计 ......................................................................................... 21 2.3.5 塔板流体力学验算 ................................................................................ 26 2.3.6 塔板负荷性能图 .................................................................................... 29 2.3.7塔高的计算 ............................................................................................. 33
3 热量衡算.............................................................................................. 35
3.1数据 ............................................................................................................. 35 3.2冷凝器的热负荷 ........................................................................................ 35 3.3再沸器的热负荷 ........................................................................................ 36
3.4冷却水消耗量和加热蒸汽消耗量 ........................................................... 38
4主要设备设计和选型 .......................................................................... 39
4.1接管的设计 ................................................................................................ 39 4.1.1进料管 ..................................................................................................... 39 4.1.2回流管 ..................................................................................................... 39 4.1.3釜液出口管 ............................................................................................. 39 4.1.4塔顶蒸汽管 ............................................................................................. 40 4.1.5加热蒸汽管 ............................................................................................. 40 4.2冷凝器的选型 ............................................................................................ 41
5 结论 ...................................................................................................... 42 参考文献 .................................................................................................. 43 附录 .......................................................................................................... 44 谢辞 .......................................................................................................... 46
1 绪论
1.1概述 1.1.1设计依据
根据北京理工大学珠海学院下达的设计任务书，模拟现有的浆态床一步法二甲醚合成产业化技术，对二甲醚分离装置中的精馏工段进行工艺设计。
1.1.2 设计规模及设计要求
设计规模：年产3.0万吨二甲醚分离装置（合成气一步法），设计该分离装置中精馏工段工艺，精馏装置采用浮阀塔。 产品要求：二甲醚≥99％
1.1.3 产品规格、性质及用途
(一) 产品规格：二甲醚≥99％（质量含量） (二) 二甲醚性质
物理性质：二甲醚亦称甲醚，英文dimethylether，英文缩写DME，化学分子式(CH3OCH3)，分子量为46.07，是重要的甲醇衍生物，沸点-24℃，凝固点-140℃。二甲醚是一种含氧有机化合物，溶于水，在大气中可以降解，属于环境友好型物质。二甲醚在常温下是一种无色气体，具有轻微的醚香味。二甲醚无腐蚀性、无毒，在空气中长期暴露不会形成过氧化物，燃烧时火焰略带光亮。[1]
二甲醚的危险特性：二甲醚为易燃气体。与空气混合能形成爆炸性混合物。接触热、火星、火焰或氧化剂易燃烧爆炸。接触空气或在光照条件下可生成具有潜在爆炸危险性的过氧化物。气体比空气重，能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方，遇明火会引着回燃。若遇高热，容器内压增大，有开裂和爆炸的危险。
二甲醚的毒性：二甲醚为弱麻醉剂，对呼吸道有轻微的刺激作用，长期接触使皮肤发
(能源化工行业)化工毕业设计二甲醚装置分离精馏设计
