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高中英语语法填空技巧讲解篇

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按设题类型分为三类情况: (1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。 首先,分析句子结构,确定填哪类词。然后,再根据句子的意思,确定具体填什么词;或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧: 技巧1:缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。如: [例1]I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ___38___ gets there almost in a second. 解析:and连接前后两个句子,and后面的句子缺主语,应填名词或代词;结合前一分句,“马上可到达那里”的是the message,替代the message用代词it。 技巧2:名词前面,若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词),很可能是填限定词。如: [例2]It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help ___33___rice crop grow up quickly. 解析:名词rice crop前还没有限定词,应当填限定词;根据句意,这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快,故填形容词性物主代词his。 [例3]…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ___35___ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 解析:因单数可数名词town前还没有限定词,应填限定语;根据句意,是指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的一个小镇上去修理,表示“一个”,用不定冠词,故填a。 技巧3:句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下,名词或代词前面,一定是填介词。 [例4]… who should have the honour of receiving me ___33___ a guest in their house. (2007年广东高考) 解析:因a guest在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语,前面一定是填介词,使其成为该介词的宾语;又由句意可知,他们“把我当作客人”来接待,表示“当作”,用介词as。 技巧4:若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词。 [例5]…from two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso ___34___ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars. 解析:因与Pablo Picasso (毕加索)与Candido Portinari (坎迪多·波尔蒂纳里)这两个名词之间没有连词,一定是填连词;两者是并列关系,应填and。 [例6]…all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me ___36___almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008年深圳一模) 解析:因melted me和gave me两个动宾短语之间没有连词,一定是填连词;两者是并列关系,故填and。 技巧5:若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连词或从属连词。 [例7] I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days ___32___I was to return to Guangzhou. 解析:因I wanted to…是一个句子,I was to return…也是一个句子,这两个句子之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填连词;根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系,可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前,故填before。 技巧6:若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。 [例9]What is acceptable in one country ___31___be considered extremely rude in another. 解析:句中What is acceptable in one country是主语从句,空格后的be considered是谓语;因其中的be是原形,故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数);由句意及作者的语气可知,需填表示“可能”的情态动词may。 [例10] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ______ bring home a regular salary. 解析:这是一个由but连接的并列句,由前一分句的谓语动词had是一般过去时可知,后一分句的谓语动词bring也应用一般过去时;可是,bring却用的是原形,既与语境的时态不附,也与主语he不一致,该句不是倒装句,因此,此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词did;由句意和作者的语气推测,应当填对谓语表示强调的助动词did(的确) 技巧7:由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。 (1)由it is…that…强调结构形式,判断填it还是that。如: [例11] …and ___40___was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)! 解析:由句式结构可知,本句为强调句,应填it。 (2)由倒装句式判断,是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等,还是填do, does, did等。如: [例12] ______with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. 解析:由can you expect to…可知,这是倒装句,根据构成倒装的条件可知,应填副词only,因为“only +状语(with hard work)”放在句首,句子要用倒装。 (3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断,空格处是否填it。如: [例13] …as ___32___took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists… (2008年佛山二模) 解析:it takes, sb. some time to do sth.句型,不定式to steal paintings是真正的主语,空格处填形式主语it。 [例14]Dating sites also make ___36___easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. 解析:由句式结构可知,to avoid…是真正的宾语,easy是宾补,空格处应填作形式宾语的it。 (4)so /such…that…句型。如: [例15] This made the goat so jealous ___34___it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. 解析:是so…that…句型,应填that。 (5)more…than… (与其说……不如说……,比……更……)句型。如: [例16]Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares ___40___ how much he pays. 解析:是more…than…句型,故填that。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比,雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。 (2) 给出了动词的试题的解题技巧 首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。 技巧8:若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态主谓一致。 [例17]His fear of failure ___36___ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. 解析:因主语His fear of failure后没有别的谓语动词,需填的动词应为谓语动词;因主语与keep是主动关系,应用主动语态;由从句谓语动词played可知,要用一般过去时,故填kept。 [例18] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, ___40___ (close) my book and walked away. 解析:虽然句中已有谓语动词declined,但由and walked可知,所填词与declined和walked是并列关系,所以也用一般过去式closed。 [例19] In Logan, three people ___38___ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. 解析:因主语three people与take是被动关系,即三个人被送进医院,故用被动语态;由were treated可知,要用一般过去时,故填were taken。 技巧9:若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式,还是用不定式形式,确定的方法主要有: (1)作主语或宾语,通常用—ing形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体的情况。如: [例20] …but it is not enough only ___35___(memorize) rules from a grammar book. 解析:因it是形式主语,后面用不定式作真正的主语,故填to memorize。 [例21] ______ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary… 解析:句中已有谓语won’t make,所以speak应为非谓语动词;谓语前面应为主语,作主语,表示一般情况,要用动名词短语,故填Speaking。 (2)作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语,一般用不定式。如: [例22] _______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. 解析:因句中已有谓语will have to work,所以complete应为非谓语动词;因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的,作目的状语,用动词不定式,故填To complete。 [例23] Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ___33___ (succeed). 解析:因在形容词likely后作状语,要用动词不定式,故填to succeed。 (3)作伴随状语,常用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词;是被动关系,用过去分词。 如:[例24] He saw the stone, ___37___ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” 解析:句中已有谓语saw,所给动词与saw不是并列关系,应当是非谓语动词;又因He与say是主动关系,故填saying作伴随状语。 [例25] The headmaster went into the lab, ________(follow) by the foreign guests. 解析:句中已有谓语went,而follow又不是与之并列的,故为非谓语动词;又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系,故用过去分词followed作伴随状语。 (4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分,若判断需要用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系用—ing形式,是被动关系用—ed形式。如: [例26] There will be a meeting, ___40___ (start) later this year to review the film. 解析:因a meeting与start是主动关系,用现在分词短语作定语,补充说明a meeting,故填starting。 [例27] Lessons ___39___ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (广东考试说明) 解析:因句中已有谓语can help,所以learn应为非谓语动词;又因lesson与learn是被动关系,要用过去分词短语作定语,故填learned/learnt。 (3)、词类转换题的解题技巧

高中英语语法填空技巧讲解篇

按设题类型分为三类情况:(1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。首先,分析句子结构,确定填哪类词。然后,再根据句子的意思,确定具体填什么词;或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧:技巧1:缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。如:[例1]IcansendamessagetoKenyawheneverIwantto,and___38_
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