高中英语课件（二）代词短文改错复习教学课件与非谓语动词的用法讲解过去分词的用法方案

高中英语课件（二）代词、短文改错复习教学课件与非

谓语动词的用法讲解过去分词的用法方案

高中英语课件一短文改错专题讲座

过去分词的用法 1 及物动词的过去分词作表语与句子主语是被动关系表示主语的状态既表示被动又表示完成

1 The cup is

broken 茶杯破了 2 不及物动词的过去分词作表语与句子主语是主动关系表示主语的状态只表示动作的完成retired

2 He is

他已退休 3 有些过去分词作表语时构成的谓语很接近被

动结构 3 The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains 这座城市三面环山

注意过去分词作表语与被动语态的区

别过去分词作表语主要是表示主语的状态而被动语态则表示动作1 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday 天我小妹打碎的是被动语态表示动作closed 图书馆关门了过去分词作表语成 -ing

形式表示主动或进行有些动词如

茶杯是昨

2 The library is now 注意过去分词表示被动或完

interest bore worry

-ing

形

surprise frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人用

式来修饰物 3 The book is interesting and Im interested in it 这本书很有趣我对它很感兴趣

过去分词作定语

作定语

用的过去分词相当于形容词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词及物动词的过去分词作定语既表被动又表完成不及物动词的过去分词作定

语只表完成 1 过去分词用作定语如果是单个的常置于其所修饰的名词之前 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions

我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况

2 过去分词

短语用作定语时一般置于其所修饰的名词之后其意义相当于一个定语从句但较从句简洁多用于书面语中their friends was a success

The concert given by

3

他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功

过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语前后常有逗号 1 The

meeting attended by over five thousand people welcomed the great hero

他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会到会的有五千多人

4 用来

修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关The boy looked up with a pleased expression 情举目而视

过去分词作状语 1

2

男孩带着满意的表

过去分词作状语过去分词作状

语表示被动的和完成的动作this article was not so good 注意written

1 Written in a hurry

因为写得匆忙这篇文章不是很好

为过去分词作状语表示这篇文章是被写的而且已经被

写值得注意的是有些过去分词因来源于系表结构作状语时不表被动而表主动这样的过去分词及短语常见的有hidden 躲 stationed

lost

迷路 seated 坐沉溺于 born 出身

驻扎 lost absorbed in

于 dressed in 穿着 tired of 厌烦 2 Lost Absorbed

因为沉溺于思考之中所

in deep thought he didnt hear the sound

以他没听到那个声音 2 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主

语此时应注意人称一致 1 Given another hour I can

再给我一个小时我也能解

I 即 I

also work out this problem

这道题given 为过去分词作状语它的逻辑主语为主句主语被再给一个小时 2 Seen city looks more beautiful to us

from the top of the hill the

从山顶看城市城市

显得更漂亮seen 为过去分词作状语表被看由语境可知它的逻辑主语必须是城市而不是我们因为我们应主动看城市

注意如果过去分

词作状语时前面再加逻辑主语主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构1 The signal given the bus started the signal

信号一发出汽车就开动了

the bus

就不是

她

的逻辑主

过去

是 given 的逻辑主语因此主句主语

given 的逻辑主语 2 Her head held high she went by 把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去

her head 是 held high

语因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语 3 分词作状语来源于状语从句 1 Caught in a heavy rain he was all wet 因为淋了一场大雨所以他全身湿透了heavy rain

caught in a

为过去分词短语作原因状语它来源于原因状语从句

Grown in rich

Because he was caught in a heavy rain 2 soil these seeds can grow fast 能长得很快 grown in rich soil

如果种在肥沃的土壤里这些种子为过去分词作条件状语它来源于

注意状

条件状语从句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil

语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词构成连词＋过去分

词结构作状语 When given a medical examination you

should keep calm 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定 4 过去分词作状语的位置过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语后面有逗号与主句隔开也可放在主句后面前面有逗号与主句隔开

He stood

there silently moved to tears Moved to tears he stood there silently

他静静地站在那里被感动得热泪盈眶

过去分词作宾语 1

表示感觉

补足语一能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类

或心理状态的动词如see watch observe look at hear listen to feel notice think

等 1 I heard the song sung in English

sung的动作显然先于谓语动

他

我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌过去分词

作heard 2 He found his hometown greatly changed 发现他的家乡变化很大过去分词found 2 表示致使意义的动词如

changed的动作显然先于谓语动作have make get keep leave

等 1

Ill have my hair cut tomorrow 明天我要理发 2 He got his tooth pulled out yesterday things undone

他昨天把牙拔了

3 Dont leave those

要把那些事情做完注意过去分词所表示的动作一

定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系有两种情况 1

二使役动词have接过去分词作宾补

1 He

过去分词

过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成

had his money stolen他的钱给偷了被别人偷去了 2

所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历如broken他的腿断了

2 He had his leg

自己的经历 2 Whats the language ___ in

Germany A speaking B spoken C be

spoken D to speak 后置定语表达被动等于定语从句

简析该题应选B测试过去分词作 which is spoken 4 The computer

centre ___ last year is very popular among the students in this school A open B opening C having opened D

opened

简析该题应选D测试过去分

which

词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后可以用非限制性定语从句was opened last year代替5 The first

textbooks ____ for

teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century A having written B to be written C being written D written

应选D测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动等于定语从句written

简析该题which were

例 The murderer was brought in with his hands ___

behind his back A being tied B having tied C to be tied D tied 很显然待选部分的逻辑主语是

his hands

而不是句子的主语

简析 The

murderer而 his hands 对于动词 tie来说只能是被动承受因此该题

应选D Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company ______ as 3M A

knowing B

known

C being known D to be known 2 The disc digitally ________ in the studio sounded fantastic

at the party that night

A recorded B recording C to be