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2011年考研英语二真题及答案汇总
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\— a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?
Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation?s cyberczar, offered the Obama government a 4 to
make the Web a safer place — a “voluntary identify” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.
The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 which
system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver?s license 10 by the government.
Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.
12 , the approach would create a “walled garden” in safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of 13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .'\Still, the administration?s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17 be a license” mentality.
The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1.A.swept B. skipped C. walked D. ridden
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凯程考研考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！
2.A.for B. within C. while D. though
3.A.careless B. lawless C. pointless D. helpless 4.A.reason B. reminder C. compromise D. proposal
5.A.information B. interference C. entertainment D. equivalent 6.A.by B. into C. from D. over
7.A.linked B. directed C. chained D. compared 8.A.dismiss B. discover C. create D. improve 9.A.recall B. suggest C. select D. realize
10.A.released B. issued C. distributed D. delivered 11.A.carry on B. linger on C. set in D. log in
12.A.In vain B. In effect C. In return D. In contrast 13.A.trusted B. modernized C. thriving D. competing 14.A.caution B. delight C. confidence D. patience 15.A.on B. after C. beyond D. across
16.A.divided B. disappointed C. protected D. united
17.A.frequently B. incidentally C. occasionally D. eventually 18.A.skepticism B. tolerance C. indifference D. enthusiasm 19.A.manageable B. defendable C. vulnerable D. invisible 20.A.invited B. appointed C. allowed D. forced Part A Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points) Text 1
Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the e nd of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarke d? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was ju st taking up too much time, she said.
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凯程考研考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！
Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a fir m’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presuma bly have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If t he sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advic e based on having weathered their own crises.
The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,00 0 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then the y simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount t hat after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently ha ve to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between the m leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not m ean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade u p.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.
But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a re view of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to
create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmon s, once again very popular on campus.
21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for . [A]gaining excessive profits [B]failing to fulfill her duty
[C]refusing to make compromises [D]leaving the board in tough times
22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be . [A]generous investors [B]unbiased executives
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2011年考研英语二真题及答案汇总
