2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析
10主谓一致
高考对主谓一致的考查非常灵活，除对有关主谓一致的基本规则考查外，主要考查学生对主语的辨识能力，主要是在主语前后添加修饰语。主要有：主语前有分数、百分数或数量词修饰；主语后有各种短语，尤其是介词短语修饰；定语从句中准确辨识先行词等。
考点一 带有修饰语的主谓一致
主语后有短语或从句修饰时，这些修饰语不影响主语的人称和数；主语前的修饰语一般情况下也不影响主语的人称和数，如：在“many a + 单数名词”中，中心词是单数名词；在“more than one + 单数名词”中，中心词是单数名词。但是主语前有数量词时，谓语动词应用与数量词在数上保持一致。
1. All we need _______ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. （2014湖南） A. are
B. was
C. is
D. were
【答案】C
【解析】根据表语a small piece of land可知谓语用单数,而根据从句的时态可知所填词用一般现在时,故选C。
2. Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ______ essential to their development. (2013江苏)
A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】A
【解析】主语students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others的中心词是inner motivation，是单数，再由generally可知应用一般现在时。
3. All the scientific evidence that increasing use of chemicals in farming ______ damaging our health. (2012湖南)
A. show; are B. shows; are C. show; is D. shows; is 【答案】D
【解析】主句的主语evidence是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；从句主语的中心词是use，of chemicals是介词短语修饰use，不影响主语的数，故谓语动词应用单数。
4. The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ______ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. (2011江苏) A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting
【答案】B
【解析】主语是the fact，that so many people still smoke in public places是定语从句，修饰the fact，不影响主语的数，故谓语动词用单数。
5. It is reported that many a new house ______ at present in the disaster area. (2010 陕西) A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built 【答案】D
【解析】 that从句中的主语是house，many a new是修饰语，所以谓语动词用单数；由at present可知，应用现在进行时。many a new house意为“很多房子”，虽然意义上是复数，但形式上是单数，所以谓语动词要用单数。类似的还有“more than one + 单数名词”，意为“不止一个”，意义上是复数，但形式上还是单数。 注意：
“a number of + 复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数，“the number of + 复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数。如：
The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities __________ rising steadily since 1997. (2009山东) A. is B. are 【答案】C
【解析】“the number of + 复数名词”作主语，谓语动词要用单数；由since 1997可知，应用完成时态。
考点二 后跟介词短语的主谓一致
主语后接 with, together with, along with, as well as, like, such as, besides, but, except, including, in addition to, rather than, more than, no less than等介词或结构引起的短语时，主语不受这些短语的影响，谓语动词由主语的单复数而定。
1. Amy, as well as her brothers, _________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. （2019天津） A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given 【答案】C
【解析】主语是Amy，as well as her brothers不影响主语的数，故谓语动词用单数；由时间状语when returning to the village last week可知，应用一般过去时。故选C。
2. The musician along with his band members __________ ten performances in the last three months. （2019江苏） A. gives 【答案】B
【解析】主语是the musician，along with his band members不影响主语的数，故谓语动词用单数；由时间状语in the last three months可知，应用现在完成时。故选B。
C. has been D. have been
B has given C. have given D. give
3. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. （2017天津）
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards 【答案】B
【解析】主语是sycling，along with jogging and swimming，不影响主语的数，故谓语动词用单数；又cycling与regard是被动关系，故用被动语态。
4. The famous musician, as well as his students, ____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. (2013福建)
A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited 【答案】B
【解析】主语是The famous musician，as well as his students不影响主语的数，故谓语动词用单数；又由时间状语可知，应用一般过去时。
5. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _______ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. (2010天津)
A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited 【答案】C
【解析】主语是arts，of Tianjin是介词短语做定语，like paper cutting是介词短语，不影响主语arts的数；arts和show是被动关系，故用被动语态。
考点三 并列主语的主谓一致
并列主语的主谓一致应注意一些特殊情况。1. and连接两个单数名词作主语，如果第二个名词前没有冠词或物主代词，则表示同一人或物，谓语动词用单数；如果第二个名词前有冠词或物主代词，则表示不同的人或物，谓语动词用复数。2. “each/every + 单数名词 + （each/every+）单数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数。3. 由or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词要和最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
1. Either you or one of your students __________ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. (2009湖南)
A. are B. is 【答案】B
【解析】either ... or连接并列主语时，谓语动词要与其最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。one of your students中，中心词是one，应用单数。
C. have D. be
专题10 主谓一致-2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析(解析版)
