2020年普通高等学校招生第一次模拟考试
英语
出题人： 审题人：
本试卷共5页，共72小题，满分150分，作答时间：120分钟
第一部分听力(共两节 ,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What do we learn from the conversation?
A. The man hates to lend his tools to other people. B. The man hasn’t finished working on the bookshelf. C. The man lost those tools. 2. What do we know about the man?
A. He doesn’t like his job. B. He will not give up his job.
C. He has a large family to support.
3. What’s the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Teachers and students. C. Headmaster and teachers. 4. Who is worried about gaining weight?
A. The son. B. Aunt Louise. C. The mother. 5. Why doesn’t the woman buy the coat?
A. It is expensive. B. There isn’t her size. C. She doesn’t like the color. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What is the woman probably?
A. A hotel clerk. B. A house agent C. A shop assistant. 7. What is the pillow filled with?
A. Cotton. C. Dried flowers. C. A special material. 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. What kind of skills does the woman not have?
A. Operating computers. B. Doing business. C. Typing.
9. Which company did the woman work in?
A. A trading company and a trust company. B. A trust company. C. A trading company.
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听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What’s wrong with the woman’s mother?
A. She has been sick.
B. She misses her family and friends.
C. She can’t earn enough to support her family. 11. Where does the woman live?
A. In America B. In India. C. In Britain. 12. What does the woman plan to do next year?
A. Study a new language. B. Travel to India.
C. Visit her father’s native country. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. How many Economics lectures will the man attend every week?
A. Five times, from Monday to Friday. B. Two times, on Thursday and Friday. C. Two times, on Tuesday and Thursday.
14. Why did the man miss the meeting for the new students yesterday?
A. Because he hadn’t received any notice about that meeting. B. Because he had to attend the group discussion.
C. Because he had to do some part time jobs yesterday.
15. If a student wants to earn the scholarship, what is the required attendance rate? A. 80% B. 90% C. 100%
16. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the conversation?
A. The man is a grade one student in the university. B. The man has to work after school.
C. The man thinks the time of the lecture is too early. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. How long has the speaker lived in a big city?
A. One year. B. Ten years. C. Eighteen years. 18. What is the speaker’s opinion on public transport?
A. It’s comfortable. B. It’s time-saving. C. It’s cheap. 19. What is good about living in a small town?
A. It’s safer. B. It’s healthier. C. It’s more convenient. 20. What kind of life do the speakers seem to like most?
A. Busy. B. Colorful. C. Quiet. 第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分 40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
The National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine offers awards for highly qualified
candidates including recent doctoral recipients (接受者) and senior researchers. Applications are accepted during four annual review cycles (with deadlines of May 1, August 1, November 1, and February 1).
Awardees have the opportunity to:
●devote full-time effort to research and publication
●access the excellent and often unique facilities of the federal research enterprise ●cooperate with leading scientists and engineers at the sponsoring laboratories Benefits of an NRC Research Associateship award include: ●1 year awards, renewable for up to 3 years
●allowances ranging from $ 45,000 to $ 80,000, higher for senior researchers ●Health insurance, moving benefits, and a professional travel allowance Desired skills and experience:
Applicants should hold an earned doctorate in science or engineering. Degrees from universities abroad should be equal to a degree from a U. s. institution. Some awards are open to foreign nationals as well as to U. S. citizens and permanent residents. About the employer:
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Fellowships Office has managed the NRC Research Associateship Programs in cooperation with federal laboratories and other research organizations since 1954. Through national competitions, the Fellowships Office recommends and makes awards to outstanding postdoctoral and senior scientists and engineers for tenure (终身聘用) as guest researchers at participating laboratories. A limited number of opportunities are available for support of graduate students in select fields. 21. How long does a review cycle last?
A. Four years. B. Four months. C. Three months. D. Three years. 22. What can the candidate do once awarded? A. Renew the award for another three years. B. Do medical research in federal laboratories. C. Invent unique facilities for the federal lab.
D. Work with leading researchers at the sponsoring laboratories. 23. What is the purpose of the last part of the text? A. To search for partners.
B. To encourage studies on science.
C. To attract highly qualified candidates. D. To advertise a research institution.
B
California has been facing droughts for many years, with certain areas even having to pump
freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due
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to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted (抽取). The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers (地下蓄水层) below this depth and found that reserves may be three times what was previously thought.
It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas, but only recently in
California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other
concerns. The biggest concern is the gradual setting down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is pressed by the weight of the earth above.
Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating (脱盐) the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where possible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.
One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than
shallower aquifers. This means that some water may even need to be desalinated after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the study of groundwater has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater. 24. According to the text, what causes the water crisis in California?
A. Previous drilling of wells. B. The messy distribution system. C. Constant droughts in the area. D. The adoption of new pumping practices. 25. The research teams think it ________ to extract water from deeper aquifers.
A. expensive but practical B. reliable and profitable C. cost-free but demanding D. cheap and environment-friendly 26. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?
A. The damage to aquifers. B. The sinking of land surface. C. The decrease in operation costs. D. The negative effects on the climate. 27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To encourage people to save water. B. To promote the seawater desalination.
C. To introduce a new way of extracting freshwater.
D. To draw people’s attention to the droughts in California.
C
Every year, thousands of teenagers participate in programs at their local art museums. But do any of them remember their time at museum events later in life? A new report suggests that the answer is yes - and finds that alumni (毕毕毕) of arts-based museum programs credit them with changing the course of their lives, even years after the fact. The Whitney Museum of American Art, the Walker Art Center and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles recently asked researchers to conduct a study to find out how effective their
long-standing teen art programs really are. They involved over 300 former participants of four programs for teens that have been in existence since the 1990s. Alumni, whose current ages range from 18 to 36, were invited to find out how they viewed their participation years after the fact.
Among the alumni surveyed, 75 percent of alumni rated the teen program experience as the most favorable impact on their own lives, beating family, school and their neighborhoods. Nearly 55 percent thought that it was one of the most important experiences they'd ever had, regardless of age and two-thirds said that they were often in situations where then experience in museums affected their actions or thoughts.
It turns out that participating in art programs also helps keep teens enthusiastic about arts even after they reach adulthood: 96 percent of participants had visited an art museum within the last two years, and 68 percent had visited an art museum five or more times within the last two years. Thirty-two percent of program alumni work in the arts as adults.
Though the study is the first of its kind to explore the impact of teen-specific art programs in museums, it reflects other research on the important benefits of engaging with the arts. A decade of surveys the National Endowment for the Arts found that childhood experience with the arts have linked arts education to everything from lower drop-out rates to improvement in critical thinking skills. 28. What does the underlined phrase “the fact” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. Changing the course of children's life. B. Organizing arts-based museum programs. C. Participating in childhood art programs D. Remembering the time at museum events. 29. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A. The result of the study. B. The process of the study. C. The object and content of the study. D. The approach to the study. 30. What can be inferred of the study mentioned in the text? A. Most children taking part in art programs will work in arts B. No other studies exist concerning the benefits of arts. C. Age matters in how people view their art experiences. D. Passion for arts may remain long in kids' whole life. 31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. How is Art Connected to Our Life? B. Can Art Education Affect Our Income? C. What Should Art Museums do for Kids? D. Should Children Walk into Art Museums?
D
Prosocial behaviors are those intended to help other people. Behaviors that can be described as prosocial include feeling empathy(同感) and concern for others and behaving in ways to help or benefit other people.
Prosocial behavior has long posed a challenge to social scientists seeking to understand why
people engage in helping behaviors that are beneficial to others, but costly to the individual performing the action. Why would people do something that benefits someone else but offers no immediate benefit to the doer?
Psychologists suggest that there are a number of reasons why people engage in prosocial behavior. In many cases, such behaviors are fostered during childhood and adolescence as adults encourage children to share, act kindly, and help others. Prosocial behaviors are often seen as being compelled by a number of factors including egoistic reasons (doing things to improve one's self-image), reciprocal
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benefits (doing something nice for someone so that they may one day return the favor), and more altruistic reasons (performing actions purely out of empathy for another individual).
Characteristics of the situation can also have a powerful impact on whether or not people engage in prosocial actions. The bystander effect is one of the most notable examples of how the situation can impact helping behaviors. The bystander effect refers to the tendency for people to become less likely to assist a person in distress when there are a number of other people also present. For example, if you drop your purse and several items fall out on the ground, the likelihood that someone will stop and help you decreases if there are many other people present. This same sort of thing can happen in cases where someone is in serious danger, such as when someone is involved in a car accident. In some cases, witnesses might assume that since there are so many other present, someone else will have surely already called for help.
Why do people help in some situations but not in others? Experts have discovered a number of different situational variables that contribute to (and sometimes interfere with) prosocial behaviors. First, the more people that are present decreases the amount of personal responsibility people feel in a situation. People also tend to look to others for how to respond in such situations, particularly if the event contains some level of ambiguity. Fear of being judged by other members of the group also plays a role. People sometimes fear leaping to assistance, only to discover that their help was unwanted or unwarranted. In order to avoid being judged by other bystanders, people simply take no action.
Experts have suggested that some key things must happen in order for a person to take action. 32. Prosocial behaviors are motivated for all the following reasons EXCEPT ________. A. instant benefits of helping others B. empathy for another individual C. parental influences in the early life D. the desire to better one's self-image 33. What does the underlined word “distress” in the fourth paragraph mean? A. peace B. despair C. comfort D. trouble 34. Which situation can be described as the bystander effect?
A. When hearing an injured lady crying for help, the neighbors didn't take action. B. Seeing an old man slipping on the icy road, many people volunteered to help. C. A woman was to give birth on the train and you were the only doctor there. D. On the scene of your colleague's traffic accident, you called the police for help 35. After the last paragraph, the most possible topic could be ________. A. possible benefits of prosocial behavior B. various reasons for prosocial behavior C. skills and knowledge to provide assistance D. situational influences on prosocial behavior
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Exam Anxiety
Has this ever happened to you? You’ve been studying hard for your midterm, but when you walk into your exam, your mind goes blank, your heart races fast, you get sweaty palms and find it hard to breathe. 36 Everyone feels stressed during exams. Usually, it results from a fear of failure, lack of adequate preparation time and bad experiences taking tests in the past. This is normal and often helps you work harder, think faster and generally improve your performance. 37 You may also feel that other people are managing the exam better than you. This can cause you to feel that your mind has “gone blank” on information you know you have revised.
38 Some choose to ignore the problem, while others don’t review because they think they will do badly anyway and even miss exams due to the anxiety. It can also be really easy to think that if you don’t try and then you fail, you won’t feel as bad as if you fail after trying really hard.
So what can you do to fight against the negative mindset and stay calm before and during your test? 39 Yes, this seems obvious, but it’s worth repeating. If you feel confident that you’ve prepared thoroughly, you’ll feel more confident walking into the test. The second tip is simple: just start. The blank page can maximize your anxiety. 40 You can always go back and change things later if needed, but a few quick answers can get the ball rolling. Besides, allocating(分配) your time is equally important. Look through the whole test before getting started. Mentally allocate how much time you’ll spend on each section. If there’s time to recheck, even better. A. People often deal with exam stress in many unhelpful ways. B. The first thing you should do is to be prepared.
C. If these classic signs of exam anxiety sound familiar, you’re not alone!
D. Therefore, people need an appropriate amount of pressure to help deal with exams.
E. Realizing time is almost up and that there’s still a lot of blank space will make you desperate. F. After you get the paper, dive right in by getting some questions done to build up your confidence. G. However, if you are overly anxious about the result, you may be unable to focus on your work.
In 1997, MAF could 51 start a flight program within Bangladesh. At that time, besides transporting doctors to hospitals located in 52 parts of the country, MAF also 53 an on-call emergency medevac(前线急救直升机)service in Bangladesh.
On November 15, 2007, Cyclone Sidr hit southern Bangladesh. MAF’s 54 response and emergency procedures were seriously 55 as the office received over 200 phone calls in one day from aid agency personnel in urgent need of 56 to and from the disaster zone. For the next two months, MAF 57 solidly, seven days a week. The float plane became known by 58 locals as “The Sea Angel(天使)”---the only aircraft in the country of its type having such a(n) 59 .
In 2009, “The Sea Angel” was sent again for rapid assistance 60 Cyclone Alla struck. Today, in Bangladesh, MAF makes over 750 flights and transports around 2,500 passengers annually. 41. A. just B. often C. soon D. still 42. A. history B. failure C. burden D. event 43. A. separately B. immediately C. occasionally D. fortunately 44. A. research B. limit C. help D. avoid 45. A. air B. bus C. river D. rail 46. A. enable B. prevent C. change D. reduce 47. A. focus B. danger C. order D. reach 48. A. seek B. provide C. promise D. receive 49. A. ran out B. came back C. paid off D. kept on 50. A. noticed B. assisted C. untied D. traveled 51. A. properly B. secretly C. suddenly D. finally 52. A. secure B. crowded C. remote D. coastal 53. A. request B. began C. restore D. continue 54. A. natural B. rapid C. appropriate D. unexpected 55. A. followed B. tested C. forecasted D. established 56. A. fund B. message C. transport D. encouragement
第三部分英语知识运用 (共两节,满分45分) 57. A. accelerated B. flew C. appealed D. searched 第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分) 58. A. reasonable B. grateful C. outgoing D. respectable
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B.C和D四个选项中,选出可以填人空白处的最佳选59. A. destination B. application C. decoration D. reputation 项。 60. A. once B. if C. when D. until
In 1970, a cyclone(旋风)hit the southern coast of Bangladesh(孟加拉国). So severe and deadly 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
were its effects that it’s 41 listed as the world’s worst-ever reported natural disaster. The 42 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 had a big impact on two Swedish men from Mission Aviation Fellowship(MAF). They traveled 43 Beijing Hutong to Bangladesh for the purpose of seeing what they could do to 44 . They journeyed south by boat The real culture of Beijing 61 (lie) in the culture of Hutong and Siheyuan (courtyards). How for several days, throughout the country’s vast 45 network to reach the worst-affected area and true it is! They have special appeal 62 tourists at home and abroad. began to envision(预想) MAF using an aircraft that would 46 direct access to large areas of the Hutong is the name 63 (give) to a narrow lane or small street between rows of country that were almost out of 47 . courtyards, ____64__ Beijingers lived in the past. When 65 (view) from the air, lanes are like a
Throughout the 1980s, MAF Australia, along with other MAF groups, sent staff to 48 chessboard with delicate gardens, fine rockeries and ancient ruins which make them a wonder in the assistance and their patience and dedication 49 since they built trust in the countries that had world. been 50 . Once one enters any of the lanes, one can feel the deep and warm relationships among people,
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which is rarely found in this modern world. On account of the lanes, every house is connected to the other, 66_____(allow) the local people to keep in touch with their neighbors. In the lanes one can experience the life of the 67 (local). The public bathrooms and toilets can 68 (find). Shops sell all kinds of goods that satisfy the local people's daily needs. Gossiping in these lanes is a common scene as it is the main way for people to 69(strength) their relationship. Where there is such a lane, there is a story. If one wants to explore the culture and experience Beijing Hutong food and Hutong shopping, a Hutong tour is 70 must-see. 第四部分写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线(\\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I would like to share to you the story about my grandma.
In my teenage years, what impresses me most was the way she said goodbye to me every time I packed different bag and got ready to return to the city after spending a summer at home.\and don't miss home,\ Weak and lonely, my grandma stood against the door, which nearly made me to cry. Then, he walked back into the house hurriedly before I even got into my dad's car. All of sudden, a feeling of guilt struck me. I longed to hug her and say something, and at that moment I was surprising to find myself helpless silent.
However, there is no possibility that I can hug her now.
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华,你校交换生David对清明节的习俗很感兴趣。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括:
1.清明节简介;
2.过节的风俗习惯。 注意:
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯；
3.信的开头和结束语已为你写好,不计入总词数。 参考词汇:革命烈士revolutionary martyrs
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Dear David,
I'm glad that you're interested in the Chinese Qingming Festival.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours, Li Hua
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