新教材高中英语
UNIT5MUSICSectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures学
案新人教版必修第二册
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
过去分词作表语和状语
1.(教材P52)Born(bear) in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.
2.(教材P52) Moved(move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.”
3.(教材P56)I was very afraid and I felt so alone and discouraged(discourage). 4.(教材P58)Encouraged(encourage) by this first performance and the positive reaction of the audience, I have continued to play the piano and enjoy it more every day.
过去分词作表语
1.过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语,表示主语所处的状态
◆Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor. 汤姆很惊讶地看到一条蛇正爬过地板。
◆Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys. 终于婴儿厌倦了玩那些玩具。
2.过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时,强调主语所处的状态;而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,强调动作。
◆The library is now closed.(状态) 图书馆现在关闭了。
◆The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.(动作) 昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。
3.感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别
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过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态,常译作“感到……的”;现在分词多表示事物具有的特性,常译作“令人……的”。
◆We were amazed at what he said at the meeting. 我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。
◆His words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged. 他的话令人泄气,使得很多人灰心丧气。
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词,其现在分词表示主动意义,即“令人有某种感觉的”,多用来修饰物;其过去分词表示被动意义,即“人被引起某种感觉的”,多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。
常用的这类词有:
?
令人激动的?exciting
?excited 激动的;兴奋的?
?astonishing ?astonished
令人惊讶的
惊讶的
? ?delighting 令人高兴的 ?delighted 高兴的?
?disappointing ?disappointed
令人失望的
感到失望的
?
?encouraging 令人鼓舞的 ?encouraged 受到鼓舞的?
?frightening 令人害怕的
?frightened 受惊的,害怕的?
?interesting 令人感兴趣的 ?interested 感兴趣的?
感人的,令人感动的 ?moving
?moved 受感动的
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?
令人满意的 ?pleasing
?pleased 满意的?
令人震惊的?shocking
?shocked 感到震惊的?
?tiring ?tired
令人劳累的
感到劳累的
?
令人担心的?worrying
?worried 感到担心的?
?satisfying 令人满意的 ?satisfied 感到满意的?
令人迷惑的?puzzling
?puzzled 感到迷惑的
◆The man standing there looks frightening, and the little boy is frightened. 站在那里的那个人看起来很可怕,小男孩吓着了。
◆The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night. 这则消息令人激动,我们激动了整整一晚上。
【典例1】 (2024·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel ____________(challenge).
解析:考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。连系动词feel后要接形容词作表语。challenged
adj.受到挑战的;challenging adj.困难的,富有挑战性的。 由语境可知,填challenged。
答案:challenged
过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语的类型
过去分词作状语,可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式/伴随和结果,相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语,且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
1.过去分词作时间状语
过去分词作时间状语时,相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while,
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