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一团体的联合抵制（即竞争者之间有关禁止与其它人交易的协定）若是以迫使另一团体支付更高的价格为目的，那么这种行为就是非法的。
Boycotts to prevent a firm from entering a market or to
disadvantage a competitor also are illegal. Recent cases involved a group of physicians charged with using a boycott to prevent a managed care organization from establishing a competing health care facility in Virginia and retailers who used a boycott to force manufacturers to limit sales through a competing catalog vendor.
联合抵制一家新的公司进入市场或联合使某一竞争者陷入劣势境地同样也是非法的。新近的案例有：弗吉尼亚州一内科医生团体联合抵制一组织建立其竞争性的卫生保健设施而遭到起诉；及零售商们通过联合行动强迫制造商限制其经由竞争性零售网的销售。
Are boycotts for other purposes illegal? It depends on their effect on competition and possible justifications. A group of California auto dealers used a boycott to prevent a newspaper from telling consumers how to use wholesale price information when shopping for cars. The FTC proved that the boycott affected price competition and had no
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reasonable justification.
至于用于其它目的的联合抵制行动是否也是非法的呢？这则取决于它们对于竞争的影响和可能存在的正当抗辩理由。例如，一加利福尼亚的汽车代理商团体曾采取联合抵制行动阻止新闻媒体告诉消费者在购买汽车时怎样利用批发价信息。联邦贸易委员会最终认定这种联合抵制行为影响了价格竞争，而且也没有任何正当的抗辩理由。
Agreements among competitors to divide sales territories or allocate customers -- essentially, agreements not to compete -- are presumed to be illegal. At issue in one recent case was an agreement between cable television companies not to enter each other’s territory.
竞争者之间关于市场领域划分或分享消费者的协定（本质上是也是限制竞争的）同样被认为是非法的。新近的一个案例是几家有线电视公司签订协定承诺互不进入对方的市场领域。
Restrictions on price advertising can be illegal if they deprive consumers of important information. Restrictions on non-price
advertising also may be illegal if the evidence shows the restrictions have anticompetitive effects and lack reasonable business justification. The FTC recently charged a group of auto dealers with restricting comparative and discount advertising to the detriment of consumers.
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价格广告方面的限制若是剥夺了消费者需要的一些重要信息就是非法的。对非价格广告的限制亦有可能是非法的，只要有证据表明这种限制有反竞争性的影响同时又没有正当的商事抗辩理由。联邦贸易委员会不久前曾起诉了一群对比较和折扣广告进行限制，从而损害了消费者利益的汽车代理商。
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最新施心远主编《听力教程》4-（第2版）Unit-5答案
