Section Ⅲ Grammar—虚拟语气（Ⅰ）
[语法初识]
原句感知 ①If you were head of the government, would you allow cloning? ②If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake. ③If it were to rain/should rain/rained, the crops would be saved. ④Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded. ⑤Were I strong enough now, I would carry the box upstairs without effort. ⑥Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. ⑦If they had started early yesterday morning, they would be here now. 1.①②③句为if引导的非真实条件句的三种基本形式。 2．④⑤⑥句为省略if的虚拟条件句。 3．⑦⑧句中，主句与从句动作发生的时间不一致，称之为错综时间条件句。 4．⑨⑩ 句中，假设的条件不用if条件从句表示，自主探究 而是通过副词otherwise⑧If you had taken the medicine on time, you would be 或介词短语but_for等表healthy enough to go to school now. 达出来，这类句子叫“含⑨But for your help, we couldn’t have succeeded. 蓄条件句”。 ⑩We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him. [语法剖析] 语法点一 1．虚拟条件句中主从句的谓语形式 虚拟语气 与现在事实相反 从句谓语 did (be用were) ①did (be用were) 与将来事实相反 ②were to＋do ③should＋do 与过去事实相反 had＋done would/should/could/might＋have done would/should/could/might＋do 主句谓语 would/should/could/might＋do 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用 If he were here now, I could ask him the question.
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如果他现在在这儿，我就能问他这个问题。
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed the exam. 如果你接受了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。
If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, I would not go to Beijing. 如果明天下雨，我不会去北京。 2．错综时间条件句
虚拟语气中，条件从句中谓语可以和主句中的谓语发生时间不一致，这时从句和主句要根据各自所发生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式。
If he had told me about it yesterday, I should know what to do now. 如果他昨天告诉我这件事，我现在就知道做什么了。
If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night. 如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。
If he were to leave, you would have heard about it. 如果他要走，你早就听到这个消息了。 3．虚拟条件句的省略和倒装
虚拟条件句中若含有were, had或should，可以把if省略，把were, had或should提到句首，构成部分倒装。
Were my mother here, she would give me some advice. 如果我母亲在这儿，她会给我一些建议。
Had he told me he would go to the hospital, I would have gone with him. 要是他告诉我他要去医院的话，我就会同他一起去了。 Should he refuse me tomorrow, I would be very sad. 如果他明天拒绝我，我会非常伤心。 集中演练1 1－1.单句语法填空
①If she hadn’t_read (not read) the books about the Second World War, she couldn’t have answered the question.
②It would be perfect if they were (be) here tomorrow.
③If I lived (live) near my workplace, I would walk to work every day. ④If he were to find a job at once, he could_support (support) himself. ⑤If you had_listened (listen) to the doctor, you would be fine now. ⑥Had you worked hard, you would_have_passed (pass) the final test.
⑦If we hadn’t got everything ready, we would_be (be) having a terrible time tomorrow.
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1－2.句型转换
⑧If I should go abroad, I would go to America. →ShouldIgoabroad,_I would go to America.
⑨If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy would have been saved.
→HadIknown about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy would have been saved.
⑩If I were you, I would apologise to him. →WereIyou,_I would apologise to him.
语法点二 含蓄条件句 有时假设的条件不通过条件从句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文或with, without, or (else), otherwise, but for等引出的短语中。
My parents lent me money. Otherwise, I could not have afforded the trip. 我的父母借钱给我了。否则的话我可能付不起这次的旅费。
I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or (else) I wouldn’t have believed him. 我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。
Without air, there would be no living things on the earth. 没有空气，地球上将没有生物。
But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
要不是英语老师的帮助，我就不会在英语写作比赛中获得一等奖。
集中演练2 2－1.单句语法填空
①Without exams, we would_be (be) much happier.
②35 passengers died in the train accident. But for the heroic (英勇的) train driver, many more people would_have_died (die)．
③We were delayed at the airport; otherwise we would_have_arrived (arrive) home by lunchtime.
2－2.完成句子
④再给些时间，我们会做得更好。
Given more time, we_would_do it better. ⑤要不是你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
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But for your help, we couldn’t_have_finished the work ahead of time. ⑥那天我病了，要不然的话，我会参加运动会的。
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would_have_taken_part_in the sports meet.
[链接高考]
单句语法填空
1．(2017·北京高考)If the new safety system had_been_put (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.
解析：句意：如果新的安全系统已经投入使用，那起事故就不会发生了。本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词应用过去完成时。
2．(2017·江苏高考)Were (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
解析：句意：要不是老师的帮助，这个学生就克服不了她的困难。根据语境可知，此处使用了虚拟语气，且句子省略了if并将were提到句首，使用了倒装结构。were it not for ...“要不是……”，相当于but for或without。
3．(2016·北京高考)Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you had_told (tell) me, I could have helped.
解析：句意：你上周为什么不把你的困难告诉我呢？如果你告诉了我，我就可能帮你了。根据题干中的Why didn’t you tell me和could have helped可知，此处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以if条件句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
4．(2015·安徽高考)It is lucky we booked a room, or we would_have (have) nowhere to stay now.
解析：句意：真幸运，我们订了一个房间，要不然，我们现在就会无处可住了。根据句中连接词or“要不然，否则”，和时间副词now，可知后半句是对现在事情的一种假设，应使用虚拟语气。
5．(2015·北京高考)If I hadn’t_seen (not see) it with my own eyes, I wouldn’t have believed it.
解析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我是不会相信的。根据主句的时态wouldn’t have believed可以判断，事情发生在过去，所以条件状语从句应该使用过去完成时。
6．(2015·重庆高考)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn’t_have_written_ (not write) his famous novel AFarewelltoArms.
解析：句意：如果海明威没有战争经历的话，他就不会写出著名的小说《永别了，武器》。
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此处表示对过去发生的事情的虚拟，介词短语without ...相当于if he hadn’t had his wartime experiences，故主句谓语要用wouldn’t have done。
[针对演练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If I were (be) you, I would attend the meeting.
2．If I were to go to the moon one day, I would_take (take) my pet dog with me. 3．If you missed (miss) the concert to be given by Jay Chou, you would greatly regret it.
4．Thank you for all your help. I don’t think we_could_have_completed (complete) it without you.
5．If he should not come tomorrow, we would_put (put) off the meeting till next Monday.
6．If she had_taken (take) medicine earlier, she wouldn’t be ill now. 7．If I had had enough money, I would_have_bought (buy) a car when the price was not so high.
8．Maybe if I had_studied (study) science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
9．If you made a plan, a lot more money would_be_saved (save)． 10．Were (be) it necessary, I might resign. Ⅱ.完成句子
1．当初你要是学习再努力些，现在你就是一名重点大学的学生了。
If you had_studied harder, you would be a key university student now. 2．要不是天气不好，我们昨天就去野营了。
But for the bad weather, we would_have_gone_camping yesterday. 3．如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去购物了。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would_not_go shopping. 4．我不知道你要来，否则我就在机场接你了。
I didn’t know you would come; otherwise I would_have_met you at the airport. 5．这么说你得离开了，要是你能多待会儿那该多好啊！
So you have to leave. How nice it would_be if you could_stay a bit longer. 6．如果他明天离开，周五就会到那里了。
Were he_to_leave tomorrow, he would get there by Friday. Ⅲ.短文改错
As we all know, most of us had our own dreams. Dreams are beneficial for us to
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2018_2019学年高中英语Module5CloningSectionⅢGrammar_虚拟语气Ⅰ教案含解析外研版选修6
