大学英语3辅导资料十八
主 题：总复习（3）Unit 8 – Unit 10 学习时间：1月25日--1月31日
内 容：
定语从句
所谓从句，就是一个主谓结构相当于整个句子（这样的句子叫复合句）的一个成分，因此，从句不能单独使用。在复合句中修饰名词或代词、作定语的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”，因为它总是处在定语从句的前头，比定语从句先行一步。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。 . He is the person who/that wants to go shopping. ↓ ↓ 先行词 关系代词
关系代词引导的定语从句 (1) 关系代词在定语从句中作主语
She is the woman who/that lives next door. 指人用who或that
The supermarket which/that was opened two months ago is now closed down. 两个月前开的那家超市现在已经倒闭了。
指物用which或that
(2) 关系代词在从句中作动词或介词的宾语
Do you know the man whom/who/that our dean is interviewing now?
whom用来指人，用who是非正式用法，用that也可指人
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在从句中作宾语）
whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换） 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。（whose在从句中作定语） Please pass me the book whose cover (of which the cover) is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
定语从句很有规律，总结如下：在关系代词中that既可指人又可指物、既可作主语又可作宾语，因此，除了在非限定性定语从句中，用that一般不会出问题。
关系代词作介词宾语，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物。 This is the refrigerator with which we have so much trouble. The headmaster, with whom the parents had discussed their son’s future, advised the boy to take up engineering.
关系副词引导的定语从句
在表示时间、地点和原因的定语从句中，可以用when, where, why来代替介词+关系代词，when和where相当于“介词+which”，why相当于“for+which”，在句子中均作状语。
1988 was the year when (=in which) I was born. This is the place where (=in which) I grow up.
This is the reason why (=for which) he was dismissed from office.
定语从句有两种：限制性和非限制性定语从句。它们的区别是：限制性定语从句对于说明句子意义来说，不可或缺，否则句子的意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从句只是提供额外的信息，可以略去，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
限制性：This is the car which we bought last week. 这是我们上周买的车。
非限制性：This car, which we bought last week, is very nice. 我们上周买的车非常漂亮。
as引导的定语从句
(1) 常用于such…as, as…as, the same…as结构中 Such poets as Li Bai and Du Fu are rare now. He is as great as a scientist as ever lived.
She is the same person as I saw the day before yesterday.
(2) as在引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词通常是整个句子，用来指它前面或后面的主句所表达的意思。
As is announced in today’s newspaper, there will be a powerful typhoon in the next few days.
以下情况只能用that, 不能用which:
①先行词为不定代词all, little, none, any, every, no ,much, anything, nothing
②先行词有最高级和序数词修饰时（包括the only, the very, the last, the next等）
③先行词既有人又有物的时候
练习题
大工大学英语3学习资料期末备考十八15
