第九章 醛、酮、醌
9.1 用IUPAC及普通命名法(如果可能的话)命名或写出结构式
a.(CH3)2CHCHOb.f.CH2CHOc.CHOH3CCHOd.(CH3)2CHCOCH3e.(CH3)2CHCOCH(CH3)2
i. 1,3—环已二酮 j. 1,1,1—三氯代—3—戊酮 k. 三甲基乙醛 l. 3—戊酮醛
OOH3Cg.(CH3)2C=CHCHOh.β－溴化丙醛m. 苯乙酮 o.CH2=CHCHOp.C
答案：a. 异丁醛 ２－甲基丙醛 ２－methylpropanal isobutanal b. 苯乙醛
phenylethanal c. 对甲基苯甲醛 p－methylbenzaldehyde d. 3－甲基－２－丁酮 ３－methyl－２－butanone e. 2,4－二甲基－３－戊酮 2,4－dimethyl－3－pentanone f. 间甲氧基苯甲醛 m－methoxybenzaldehyde g. ３－甲基－２－丁烯醛 3－methyl－2－butenal h. BrCH2CH2CHO
Oi.m.p.Oj.CCl3CH2COCH2CH3k.(CH3)2CCHOl.CH3CH2COCH2CHOCH=CHCHOn.CCH3Oo.丙烯醛propenal
二苯甲酮diphenylKetone
注意增加的内容：
OOOheptane-2,5-dione2,5-庚二酮(E)-hept-4-en-2-oneZ型或E型-4-烯-2-庚酮O(Z)-hept-4-en-2-one
OHO(S)-3-methylpentan-2-one(S)-3-甲基-2-戊酮cinnamaldehyde肉桂醛
9.2 写出任意一个属于下列各类化合物的结构式
OOOHOCl(E)-hex-3-en-2-oneOO2-chloropentanal4-hydroxyhexan-2-one3-oxopentanal羰基的相邻位α，相隔位β
9.3 写出下列反应的主要产物
a.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.CH3COCH2CH3Cl3CCHOH3CCH3CH2CHOC6H5COCH3O(CH3)3CCHOO++++H2OH2N－OHH+CHO+KMnO4稀NaOHC6H5MgBrH2NNHC6H5浓NaOH+(CH3)2C(CH2OH)2H+H+H2O无水HCli.j.O+K2Cr2O7KMnO4室温CHO
Ok.CCH3Ol.CCH3Cl2,H2O－OH+Cl2H+
m.n.o.p.答案：
CH2=CHCH2CH2COCH3CH2=CHCOCH3CH2=CHCHOC6H5CHO++HBr+HCNCH3COCH3+HCl
稀NaOH
NOHa.CH3COCH2CH3+H2N－OHOHCH3CCH2CH3b.c.Cl3CCHOH3C+H2OCHO+KMnO4Cl3CCHOHH+OHHOOCCOOHd.CH3CH2CHO稀NaOHCH3CH2CH-CHCHOCH3CH3H+CH3C6H5COHe.C6H5COCH3+C6H5MgBrC6H5COMgBrC6H5f.O+H2NNHC6H5浓NaOHH2OC6H5NNHC6H5g.h.(CH3)3CCHOO(CH3)3CCH2OH无水HCl+(CH3)3CCOOHOO+(CH3)2C(CH2OH)2H+i.j.O+K2Cr2O7KMnO4室温HOOC(CH2)3COOHCHOCOOH
Ok.CCH3Ol.CCH3Cl2,H2OOH－+Cl2H+COOH+OCCHCl3CH2ClClCl+OHCH3m.n.o.p.CH2=CHCH2CH2COCH3CH2=CHCOCH3CH2=CHCHOC6H5CHO++HBr+HCN+HClCH3-CHCH2CH2COCH3BrCH2CH2COCH3OHNCCH2CH2CHO稀NaOH+CH2=CHCHCNCH3COCH3OC6H5CHCH2C-CH3OH
9.4 用简单化学方法鉴别下列各组化合物
a. 丙醛、丙酮、丙醇和异丙醇 b. 戊醛、2-戊酮和环戊酮 答案： a.ABCDb.ABC丙醛丙酮丙醇异丙醇沉淀Tollen试剂无沉淀环戊酮BCI2 / NaOH无沉淀C2,4－二硝基苯肼无沉淀沉淀有沉淀ＡTollen试剂ＢＣＤI2 / NaOH无沉淀无沉淀黄色沉淀ＡＢＣＤ戊醛2－戊酮ACHI3B
9.5 完成下列转化
a.C2H5OHOCCH3CHCOOHOHClOCb.c.OHCCHCH3OHCH3CH2CH2CH2OHOHCH2CCH3CH3d.e.f.g.答案： a.CH3CH=CHCHOCH3CH2CH2OHC2H5OHOCrO3.(Py)2CH3CHOHCNCH3CH-CHCHOOHOHCH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CHOHCNOCH+H2O
CH3CHCOOHOHb.CCl无水AlCl3c.OHCCHNaBH4Hg,H+H2O+H2O稀OH－OHCH3CH=CHCHOH2 / NiCH3CH2CH2CH2OHOHd.CH3CHOe.CH3Cl2光CH2ClMgEt2OCH2MgCl1)CH3COCH32)OH+CH2CCH3CH3f.CH3CH=CHCHOH3O+OHOH无水HClCH3CH-CHCHOOHOHHBrCH3CH2CH2BrCH3CH=CHCHOO稀冷KMnO4CH3CH-CHCHOH－OOHOHMgEt2Og.CH3CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH2MgBr1)HCHO2)H+CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
有机化学课后习题参考答案(汪小兰第四版)-第9章
