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下学期高二期中考试
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分 35 分) 第一节(共 10 小题；每题 2.5 分，满分 25 分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各题的四个选项 A、B、C、D 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Even as Google plans to test its fleet (车队) of self-driving cars on public roads this summer, its business model remains a bit of a mystery. By 2025, as many as 250,000 self-driving vehicles could be sold each year globally, according to a study by an industry research firm.
“Vehicles that can take anyone from A to B at the push of a button could transform mobility for millions of people,” said Chris Urmson, director of Google’s self-driving car project. For now, Google has no plans to sell any of its self-driving cars. They are strictly for research. But they will hit public roads this summer near Google’s headquarters in Mountain View, California. Previous testing has taken place only on closed courses.
The cars are built to operate without a steering wheel, accelerator or brake pedal. “Our software and sensors do all the work,” Urmson said. “the vehicles will be very basic --- we want to learn from them and adapt them as quickly as possible --- but they will take you where you want to go at the push of a button.” The prototype (雏形) are the first of a 100-car fleet the tech giant is building.
In the long run, Urmson sees a future of safer roads --- the majority of auto accidents are caused by human error --- and fewer traffic jams. Robotic cars could also shuttle people who can’t drive because of age or illness.
Google has said that self-driving cars could launch new business models in which people buy the use of vehicles they don’t own. The company has already tested other types of self-driving cars on public streets, including modified Lexus sport-utility vehicles, under a special permit program by the California Department of Motor Vehicles that requires a human driver at the controls.
The state has issued six other companies permits to operate such cars, including Delphi, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, Tesla, Bosch and Nissan. The vehicles that will be tested on open roads this summer will have removable steering wheels, accelerators and brake pedals to allow “safety drivers ” to take control if needed.
Google says the cars are safe. The vehicles have sensors that “can detect objects out to a distance of more than two football fields in all directions, which is especially helpful on busy streets with lots of
intersections,” Urmson said. “We’re looking forward to learning how the community understands and interacts with the vehicles, and to uncovering challenges that are unique to a fully self-driving vehicle,” Urmson said.
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21. The passage informs us that self-driving cars A. have already passed necessary tests B. will probably decrease traffic jams C. have been purchased by some companies D. will keep the drivers in good sprits 22. According to Chris Urmson .
. A. software and sensors are vital for self-driving cars B. self-driving cars can give driving orders to humans C. self-driving cars are specially designed for the elderly D. ordinary vehicles will be replaced by self-driving cars 23. What is the best title for this passage?
A. Self-driving Car Avoids Human Errors B. Self-driving Car Meets New Challenges
C. Google’s Self-driving Car Graduates to City Streets D. Google’s Self-driving Car Enjoys Global Popularity
B
The clock always seems to be ticking rather too fast in the doctor’s office and the queue of patients outside the door seems to be pressing rather too hard. Some say it’s high time for the model of short, sharp one-to-one appointments to give way to shared medical appointments (SMAs).
SMAs are doctor-patient visits in which a group of patients receive patient education and counseling (咨询), physical examination and medical support in a group setting. Typically, SMAs are designed to have one or more doctors attend to a group of patients who share a common illness or medical condition. In contrast to one-to-one visits, SMAs provide a longer appointment time-frame as well as the opportunity for patients to have improved access to their physicians and meanwhile pick up additional information and support from peers.
However, doctors who have pioneered the shared appointment approach report that there are significant challenges involved. Dr. Sumego, director of shared medical appointments, Cleveland Clinic, identifies culture change as the most significant challenge. Physicians and nurses are trained in a model of personal service and privacy; the SMA approach is a fundamental challenge to those fixed ideas. They need shared goals and a way of testing the innovation against agreed standards. Dr. Sumego says, “The physicians may be worried about the possible chaos and efficiencies that are marketed. They also have to make the patients understand what their appointment is, and what the expectation is.”
“So, if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments, I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians, develop the work-flow and develop some experience. Provide
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some support behind what that best practice should look like. Create some standards so that, as the concept spreads, you can employ that experience to start the next shared medical appointments and the next.” 24. What is the purpose of the SMA approach?
A. To conduct medical research. C. To improve medical service.
B. To promote doctor’s reputation. D. To meet patients’ expectation.
25. According to Dr. Sumego, what prevents the SMA approach from being widely adopted?
A. Personal service C. Inadequate equipment.
B. Fixed ideas D. Shared goals
26. What can be learned about the SMA approach in the last paragraph?
A. It is currently being questioned. B. It is impractical in some areas. C. It will enjoy wide popularity soon. D. It should be carried out step by step.
C
It’s true that high-school coding (编程) classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, a professor at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.
However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it's not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses (假说). It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks (块) and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.
Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or- determined students away.
The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, has become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to adjust lessons based on things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.
The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn --- how to think logically through a problem and organize the results --- apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.
Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the only purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers --- in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes --- for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want --- the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that --- the better.
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27. Cortina believes early exposure to computer science makes it easier to .
A. make good use of apps B. change the way of thinking C. deal with problems in daily lite D. complete future job training
28. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills leaned at Flatiron will . A. help students lean other computer languages
B. allow students to be admitted to better universities C. need improving when students look for jobs D. enable students to make a big fortune
29. The underlined word “coax” in the last paragraph is closest in the meaning to . A. challenge B. persuade C. frighten D. trick 30. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to . A. compete with a future army of programmers
B. stay longer in the information technology industry C. become better prepared for the digital world D. bring forth innovative computer technologies
第二节(共 5 小题；每题 2 分，满分 10 分)
The researchers found that people who lacked sleep ate more snacks and gained weight quickly. (33) That could be partially due to the shifting(变化) of the biological clock and changes to certain
So, their biological clocks shifted, which also
body hormones, especially hunger hormones. (34) changed the release of hunger hormones. \瘦素) decreases appetite, while the hormone ghrelin（饥饿素）increases appetite,\leptin to drop and ghrelin to rise, so you’re hungry and eat more.”
And even if they tried to sleep for as long as they wanted to during weekends, according to researchers, it was still not enough to meet standard sleep time because they found it difficult to fall asleep. Moreover, they were more likely to show increased sensitivity to insulin(胰岛素) in both their muscles and their livers. “ (35) ” Polotsky told CNN, because “short, insufficient sleep schedules will lead to an inability to change blood sugar and increase the risk of metabolic(新陈代谢的) disease in the long term.”
For this reason, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends at least seven hours of sleep each night for adults and much more for children.
A. But what negative effects does it bring about? B. However, this wasn't the case for the first group. C. But is it useful to have such recovery sleep? D. Even worse, it may damage your health.
E. That effect could very well be why we don’t see benefits from weekend sleep.
F. To catch up on sleep during weekends , people in the third group would habitually eat later .
G. That helps explain why we have an increased risk for things like diabetes when lacking sleep.
第三部分：语言知识运用 (共两节，满分 45 分)
第一节 完形填空 (共 10 小题；每题 2.5 分，满分 25 分)
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阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各题的四个选项 A、B、C、D 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
第一节 完形填空 （共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Christmas was near a season that we took seriously in our house. But a week or so before the 25th, my father would give each of his children $20. This was the 1970s, and $20 was quite a bit of money.
But I saw it 36 . My father trusted me to have the 37 to spend money wisely. Even better, he gave me the means to get it. On a very basic level, my father was giving me a shopping spree(狂欢) every year. But he was also giving me 38 over my own fun, trusting my ability to 39 money and making me feel like a(n) 40 . He didn't buy me Sherlock Holmes, but he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and 41 it for myself, so it felt like a gift from him. My mother had (a)n 42 for giving me what I needed, usually 43 at the moment I needed it most. This was when I was 25, I 44 at being an adult on my very first try. I had quitted my 45 job but had no new one. But when my mother paid me a visit, I 46 a good show, telling her I had started my own company.
My mother knew that I was trying hard and failing at that time. It wasn't until she 47 that I noticed at the foot of my bed an envelope thick with 48 . She knew how 49 I needed it. She knew that had she just shown up with groceries, or 50 to pay my rent, she would have made me feel much 51 . The cold, hard cash meant she was helping me. And, funnily enough, the 52 with which she gave the gift felt like she was giving me space to 53 my life and preserve my dignity ( 尊
严). My mother and father both did the same thing. One was giving me the means to make my own 54 , and the other was giving me a second 55 when those decisions had cost me dearly.
36. A. naturally 37. A. privilege 38. A. advantage 39. A. earn 40. A. expert 41. A. read 42. A. passion 43. A. even 44. A. failed 45. A. routine 46. A. put away 47. A. arrived
B. negatively B. intelligence B. doubt B. allocate B. grown-up B. edit B. talent B. merely B. hesitated B. creative B. put on B. left
C. differently C. authority C. charge C. manage C. adventurer C. choose C. plan C. roughly C. froze C. challenging C. put forward C. fled
D. originally D. desire D. concern D. raise D. pioneer D. publish D. demand D. right D. fell D. previous D. put off D. returned
南京市2021-2021年高二下册英语期中试卷
