加强预防腺病毒感染
腺病毒专题卫生宣传教育 腺病毒 - 疫情
2012年2月25日,中国卫生部宣布,河北省保定市252医院收治的发热病人,已经排除患有“非典”、甲流和人感染高致病性禽流感等的可能性,确诊为腺病毒55型引起的呼吸道感染。截至2月25日8时,发热病例以轻症为主,无危重病人,无死亡病例。经采取各种积极防控措施,疫情得到有效控制。
病毒55型感染,曾于2006年在陕西爆发过,当时是首度被发现,是由腺病毒11型与14型基因重组而成的新型腺病毒,它的临床表现除的发烧、咳嗽、喉咙痛等上呼吸道症状之外,还会伴随肺部X光浸润增加等下呼吸道的病症,大部分病患在接受支持性疗法后可以康复。
科技名词定义 中文名称: 腺病毒 英文名称: adenovirus 定义:
一种具双链DNA的动物病毒。基因组大小约为36 kb,常用于研究DNA复制、转录和作为基
因工程载体。 应用学科: 细胞生物学 腺病毒 - 简介
腺病毒(adenoviruses,AV)是一种没有包膜的微生物,发现于1953年,Rowe和他的同事在凝固的血浆中埋种增殖腺小块,企图长出细胞单层以用于分离“流感病毒”,但发现培养出的单层细胞中有一些出现了细胞病变(CPE),试验证明细胞病变的发生是因为潜伏在腺样组织内的未知病毒所致。
1956年国际病毒命名委员会将这类病毒命名为腺病毒。1962年正式命名为腺病毒科。
腺病毒能在眼、呼吸道、胃肠道和尿道等部位增殖并引起疾病,多属亚临床感染,或在淋巴样和腺样组织
[1]中引起潜伏感染,可在宿主体内持续数月。极少数腺病毒型可引起动物的肿瘤。
illegally opened, front-end alarm device to send a signal, alarm on alarm management platform automatically warn the person on duty in red on the map. Dang door was illegal open, and door opened Hou failed to in provides time within return bit or lock failed to normal lock live Shi, will automatically triggered emergency alarm system, and in Control Center to sound light alarm way corresponding, while alarm host to monitoring system matrix issued linkage signal, triggered depending on audio system linkage management. until alarm lifted, to this to
elimination exists of any bad hidden and police love. If someone on the line and equipment damage, pry the circuit short circuit or open circuit, the illegal situation, alarm controller will issue a warning and fault information is displayed; in either case, would give rise to alarm the controller. Regional alert information is sent to a control center, by the computer control center for data analysis and processing, and
network resource sharing and remote control, and many other functions, so as to improve the automation of the system. Whole alarm system can since defined voice report different of alarm State, and can in police love occurred Shi by computer automatically processing; through on operator grading management, can completely control each a operator in system in the of operation behavior; in database security aspects, system will automatically check data of integrity, on database for automatically maintenance, also can set automatically backup alarm records, and automatically delete event records,, do foolproof. Alarm system set aside 110 automatic alarm system of network interfaces with local public
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腺病毒 - 分类
腺病毒分两个属,分别为哺乳动物腺病毒属(Mastadenoviurs)和禽腺病毒属(Aviadenoviurs)。共约100余血清型,现知悉人类腺病毒有49个型。以腺病毒纤维蛋白对各种血红细胞的凝聚能力作为判定标准将人腺病毒分为A,G共7个亚属,根据对猴和大鼠红细胞的凝集能力又分为?,?组,每一组包括若干血清型。
[2]人腺病毒亚属成员间在自然界发生重配的现象比较普遍,所以每一个病毒株的血清型是会产生变异。
腺病毒 - 生物性状
腺病毒颗粒直径60,90nm,没有囊膜,20面体立体对称,衣壳由252个克微粒组成,其中240个壳微粒是六邻体(Hexon),具有组特异性α抗原。位于20面体顶端的12个克微粒是五邻体(Penton)。每个五邻体由基底和伸出表面的一根末端有顶球的纤维组成。基底具有毒素样活性,能引起细胞病变,并使细胞从生长处脱
落,具有同组共有的β抗原。纤维与病毒凝集大白鼠或恒河猴红细胞的活性有关,是型特异性γ抗原所在。
腺病毒含13%DNA和87%的蛋白质,病毒体分子量约为175×106。病毒基因组为线状双链DNA,大约含35kb,36kb,腺病毒12、18和31型的DNA组成中,G,C mol%最低(48%,49%),属于对动物具有高致癌性基因型。腺病毒1、2、4、5、8等型的G,C mol%较高(61%),致癌性反而低或无。这是一种用于人腺病毒分离株的分组的标准,根据其基因同源性将人腺病毒分为A,F等6组。
病毒蛋白约11种(TP和P?,P?),其中有4种蛋白(病毒多肽P?、P?,末端蛋白TP、酶蛋白P?)与病毒基因构成病毒核心,多肽P?是主要的核心蛋白,如同组蛋白一样包裹病毒基因DNA。构成病毒衣壳的蛋白质约7种。多肽P?是病毒衣壳中最丰富和最主要成分,六邻体是由3个P?分子紧密相连组成。多肽P?、P?在六邻体与病毒核心之间形成连接桥,并与多肽P?一起稳定着六邻体分子的晶格排列。5个分子多肽P?相连构成五邻体的基座蛋白,P?a为五邻体的周围蛋白,也参与衣壳的组成,五邻体通过P?与病毒核心相连。多肽P?主要构成病毒三聚体纤突,纤突与病毒血凝活性相关,因血凝素(纤突)具有型特异性,常用血凝抑制试验(HI)对临床分离株进行分型。
腺病毒 - 生活习性
人类腺病毒不能在鸡胚中增殖,上皮样人细胞系HeLa细胞和人胚原代细胞培养最敏感,能引起细胞肿胀、变圆、聚集成葡萄串状的典型细胞病变。腺病毒对酸碱度及温度的耐受范围较宽,36?7天病毒感染力无明显下降。
对脂溶剂和酶类均抵抗作用,但56?30分钟可将其灭活。
生活周期:腺病毒的生活周期可以分为两个截然不同却又不能割裂开来的两个阶段。第一阶段包括腺病毒颗粒粘附和进入宿主细胞,将基因组释放到宿主细胞核中,以及有选择性地转录和翻译早期基因。在这个阶段,细胞为病毒基因组复制和
腺病毒晚期基因表达并最终释放成熟的感染颗粒,即第二阶段,作好了准备。第一阶段将在6~8个小时内完成,第二阶段则更快,只需4~6个小时。
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