一、高中英语任务型阅读
1．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Parents often say that they don't mind what their children do in life just as long as they are happy. Happiness and pleasure are almost universally seen as among the most precious human goods.________Philosopher Jeremy Bentham believed that all sources of pleasure are of equal quality, but John Stuart Mill disagreed. Mill argued for a difference between higher and lower pleasure.________Lower pleasure, in contrast, requires mere (仅仅的；纯粹的) senses. The entire debate assumes a clear divide between the physical and the mental.________What will it mean for our ideas about pleasure?
________Food is usually considered to be the lower pleasure. All animals eat, using the senses of smell and taste. It doesn't require any complex cognition (认知) to conclude that something is delicious. However, these people failed to appreciate something that the French food writer Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin captured. That is, \才智) knows how to eat.\
Eating shows that the difference between higher pleasure and lower pleasure is not what you enjoy but how you enjoy it.________Preparing it using the powers of reflection and attention turns it into a higher pleasure.
A. The dining table is a good place to start.
B. Wolfing down your food is a lower kind of pleasure. C. What's the real difference between high and low pleasure? D. What happens if the physical and the mental cannot be separated? E. All philosophers believed that cookery could never be a form of art.
F. Higher pleasure depends on human abilities such as self-awareness or language use. G. However, disagreements will be caused about whether some forms of pleasure are better than others.
【答案】 G；F；D；A；B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，幸福和快乐几乎被普遍认为是人类最宝贵的财富之一。然而，关于某些形式的快乐是否比其他形式的好，会产生分歧。John Stuart Mill认为快乐的高低是有区别的。且以就餐为例，指出吃表明高快乐和低快乐的区别不是你喜欢什么，而是你如何享受它。狼吞虎咽是一种低级乐趣，但是用心准备它就能将低级乐趣转变为高级乐趣。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Philosopher Jeremy Bentham believed that all sources of pleasure are of equal quality, but John Stuart Mill disagreed.”可知Jeremy Bentham认为所有快乐的来源都是平等的，但是John Stuart Mill不同意。可知关于某些形式的快乐是否比其他形式的好，存在分歧。故选G。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Mill argued for a difference between higher and lower pleasure.”密尔认为快乐的高低是有区别的。与下文提到了lower pleasure，即可知本句应是说明了higher pleasure。故F. Higher pleasure depends on human abilities
such as self-awareness or language use.“更高的快乐取决于人类的能力，如自我意识或语言使用”。惩戒上下文符合语境，故选F。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“The entire debate assumes a clear divide between the physical and the mental.”整个辩论在生理和心理上有明显的分歧。其中physical and the mental可对应到D选项中the physical and the mental，意思为：如果身体和精神不能分开会发生什么?故选D。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Food is usually considered to be the lower pleasure.”可知提到了food，故A. The dining table is a good place to start.“餐桌就是一个分歧很明显的地方。”符合语境，故选A。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Preparing it using the powers of reflection and attention turns it into a higher pleasure.”用反思和专注的力量来准备它，会把它变成一种更高的乐趣。根据上文可知：狼吞虎咽是一种低级趣味。故选B。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
2．阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
When we were growing up in our grandparents' home, Jack, my grandfather, was always in his room sitting in the chair and listening to the radio. The voices speaking from the metal box day and night, taught us that there was a larger world outside. He would roll the black dial (刻度盘) back and forth until the signal was clear. Then he would listen.
Now he is old and falls ill. When I went to visit him, he said to me, \problem is that we're losing primary contact with each other. No more shaking hands. Everyone is so busy. We want too much and in the process of getting it we miss so much.\while. \ I think of all the voices on the radio he has spent a lifetime listening to. I asked, \become interested in radio?\always interested in searching for a better signal, a clearer, more powerful signal that could communicate with someone somewhere.\
\the signal, but you can't get rid of natural noise caused by thunder and lightning, rainstorms, or snowstorms.\
He closed his eyes and smiled. \we haven't progressed that far as human beings. We shouldn't forget we still have the same basic needs.\
（1）What did Jack use to do in his room? (No more than 12 words) （2）Why did Jack roll the black dial back and forth? (No more than 5 words) （3）How is Jack feeling now? (No more than 8 words)
（4）What does the underlined word \
（5）What should you do to solve the problem of losing direct contact with others? (No more than 20 words)
【答案】 （1）He used to sit in the chair, listening to his radio.
Or: He sat in the chair and listened to his radio.
（2）To find a clear signal. （3）He is feeling lonely and sad. （4）Remove. （5）Open.
We should reduce the time we spend on the Internet and find more time to communicate with others.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者讲述了自己的祖父杰克曾经爱听收音机的习惯以及祖父杰克对互联网的看法，旨在说明我们应该减少上网的时间，多拿出些时间来与人交流，尤其应该多与老人进行直接的交流，以减少他们的孤独感。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Jack, my grandfather, was always in his room sitting in the chair and listening to the radio.”可知，作者的祖父Jack总是在他的房间里坐在椅子上，听收音机。故答案概括为：He used to sit in the chair, listening to his radio. Or: He sat in the chair and listened to his radio.
（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“He would roll the black dial（刻度盘）back and forth until the signal was clear.”他来回地拨弄着黑色表盘，直到信号清晰为止，可知，Jack这样做的目的是为了找到清晰的信号。故答案概括为：To find a clear signal.
（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I dislike the Internet.以及It makes me lonely and sad.”可知，Jack不喜欢互联网，因为它使他感到孤独与悲伤.故答案概括为：He is feeling lonely and sad.
（4）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“…but you can't remove natural noise caused by thunder and lightning, rainstorms, or snowstorms.”但你却不能去除掉由雷电，暴雨，或暴风雪造成的天然的噪声）可推测，前一句“you can electronically eliminate all kinds of noise from the signal”的意思“你可以通过电子手段消除信号中的各种噪声”。因此，remove（去除）应与划线部分的单词是同义词故答案为remove。
（5）考查开放题。本题问的是：你怎样做才能解决失去与他人直接交流的问题？根据文中第二段I dislike the Internet. The problem is that we're losing primary contact with each other. No more shaking hands. Everyone is so busy.可知，由于有了互联网以后，人们都忙着上网了，才使得人们失去了直接接触的机会。故答案概括为：We should reduce the time we spend on the Internet and find more time to communicate with others.也可以发表自己的意见，但注意不要超过20个单词。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和开放题三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。
3．阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
At the age of forty-five, my usually well-ordered life became full of changes. After twenty-two years of working in a bank, a plan to use less staff led to the unemployment of over one hundred people. Unluckily, I was one of them.
My once secure future became uncertain. However, I was not a single parent, so the family did not depend only on my income and my husband can support the family. My motto has always been, \\as bad luck, but as a welcome chance. I refused to become sorry; instead, I actively planned to do something new and different.
Having a positive attitude made all the difference in the way I pursued the future. First, I decided to return to college and graduate many years later than I should have. Doing this at my age took more than a little courage. Not being a graduate had never held me back in my career in the bank, but now it's a personal goal I longed to achieve. With a lot of determination, I went to evening classes and became an adult student. In the class, I became more and more confident. During this time, I realized that no matter what life throws in our way, nothing can hinder our personal growth.
The second thing I did to improve my inner self was to reevaluate my past life. It used to be filled with endless, and sometimes meaningless events. But now, my heart and life are completely around people I care for.
The loss of my job led to some positive changes in my life. Revisiting the past made room for the future. I realize that I have accepted the change, and am making the most of it. （1）What made the author lose her job? (no more than 10 words)
（2）What did the author do after the unemployment? (no more than 15 words) （3）How do you understand the underlined word in Paragraph 3? (no more than 3 words) （4）How would you describe the author in terms of personalities? (no more than 5 words) （5）What's your attitude towards the \words)
【答案】 （1）The bank's plan to use less staff. Or: Less staff in the bank.
（2）Return to college and reevaluate her past life.Or: Return to college and devote more time to her beloved people.
（3）stop/ prevent; prohibit /forbid
（4）She is optimistic and determined. Or: She is active and adaptable.
（5）I will accept the changes and try my best to live a positive life. Or: I will make use of every chance to be successful in my life.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，生活中充满了变数,作者用自己的经历告诉我们要接受并善于利用这些改变。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的\plan to use less staff led to the unemployment of over one hundred people. Unluckily, was one of them.\可知,银行的裁员计划让作者失业了,故填The bank's plan to use less staff. /Less staff in the bank.
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的\及第四段中的\second thing I did to improve my inner self was to reevaluate my past life.\可知,失业后,作者回到大学并重新评估自己过去的生活,故填Return to college and reevaluate her past life。/Return to college and devote more time to her beloved people.
（3）考查句义猜测。根据画线词后的\personal growth\可知,无论生活给我们带来了什么（变化）,没有什么能阻碍我们的个人成长,由此可知画线词词义为\阻碍\故填stop/ prevent; prohibit /forbid。
（4）考查概括归纳。根据第二段中的\welcome chance. I refused to become sorry; instead, I actively planned to do something new and different.\可知,作者把失业看作一个好机会而不是坏运气,拒绝难过,积极地去做一些新的、不同的事情,下文又说作者回到大学并重新评估过去的生活,由此可见,作者积极、乐观、有决心并且适应能力强,故填She is optimistic and determined./She is active and adaptable. （5）考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的\loss of my job led to some positive changes in my life.\及\可知,我会接受生活中的变化并积极地生活,故填I will accept the changes and try my best to live a positive life./I will make use of every chance to be successful in my life.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测，概括归纳和观点态度四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而做出正确答案。
4．（2024?江苏）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
The Cost of Thinking
Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics, such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.
The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals (哺乳动物) weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately, that is not the case.
The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. I's not easy to carry around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull (倾骨). It's even harder to provides energy. In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes (类人猿) require only 8%of rest-time energy. Early humans pad for their large brains in two ways. Firstly, they spent more time in search food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker. It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee (黑猩猩) can't win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies. In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for
四川省成都市高新区高任务型阅读单元测试题
