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专题二 代词
,怀化中考重难点突破
代词人称代词主格(I,you,she等) 宾格(me,you,her等)
物主代词形容词性物主代词(my,your等) 名词性物主代词(mine,yours等)
反身代词(myself,yourself,themselves等) 指示代词(this,that,these,those等) 相互代词(each other和one another) 疑问代词(构成特殊疑问句:who,what等) 不定代词普通不定代词(some,any,few等) 复合不定代词(anyone,nothing等) 连接代词(引导宾语从句:who,what等) 关系代词(引导定语从句:who,whose等)
人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
【满分点拨】 一、人称代词
人称代词有主格和宾格之分,主格在句中作主语和表语;宾格作动词或介词的宾语,也可作表语。 人称代词的人称、数和格的变化如下:
人称 单数 主格 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 he she it they 复数 宾格 I you him her it them 主格 me you 宾格 we you us you 1
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二、物主代词
物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词一般用于名词前修饰名词;而名词性物主代词本身就具有名词的性质,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。如:
This is my red schoolbag.=This red schoolbag is mine.这个红色的书包是我的。 物主代词具体分类如下:
人称 第一人称 单数形式 复数形式 第二人称 单数形式 复数形式 第三人称 单数 形式 his her its 复数形式 三、反身代词
1.反身代词的单复数形式表格如下:
数人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 2.反身代词的用法
I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party.(作宾语) The children made model planes themselves.(作同位语) That poor boy was myself.(作表语)
单数 myself我自己 yourself你自己 himself他自己 herself她自己 itself它自己 复数 ourselves我们自己 yourselves你们自己 themselves他们自己 她们自己 它们自己 数 my our your your his hers its their 形容词性 物主代词 mine ours yours yours theirs 名词性物 主代词
3.反身代词的常用词组 teach oneself自学
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learn by oneself自学
enjoy oneself过得愉快;玩得高兴 help oneself to随便吃/用 come to oneself苏醒 hurt oneself受伤 by oneself独自 【考点抢测】 一、词语运用
I they she it we
1.My parents showed __me__ some old pictures that brought back sweet memories. 2.There are lots of restaurants in our most of __them__ are clean and cheap.
3.Many people think Peng Liyuan is the most beautiful First __her__ songs are also well-known. 4.Kitty is the name of my nose is very funny.
5.It's very important for us to learn how to learn by __ourselves__. 二、单项选择
( B )6.(2016益阳中考)—Are these________new trousers? —No,they are not________.
A.your;my B.your;mine C.yours;mine
( B )7.(2016永州中考)Our teacher often tells us how to teach________. A.themselves B.ourselves C.yourselves
( A )8.(2016湘西中考)—Whats the boys name? —________is Eric. A.He B.Her C.His
( B )9.(2016长沙中考)Miss Smith,an American lady,has taught________English for three years. A.we B.us C.our
( C )10.(2016常德中考)—Is this your pencil? —Yes,it is________. A.my B.me C.mine
不定代词
【满分点拨】
不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词,兼有名词和形容词的功能,在句子中主要用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。不定代词分为普通不定代词和复合不定代词。 3
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一、普通不定代词
1.初中阶段常见的普通不定代词如下表:
some,any many,much each,every 2.常考的几组易混不定代词辨析 some与any
序号 1 some any 2 both either 不定代词 用于肯定句或表示请求的疑问句中。 一般用于疑问句或否定句中。 表示“两者都”。 用法 Tom has some story books. Would you like some milk? Are there any apples on the tree? There aren't any buses. Tom's parents are both doctors. Either of the books is interesting. Neither of his friends has come yet. 例句 few,little either,neither both,all other,another none,one 表示“两者中的任何一个”,作主语时谓语动词用单数。 表示“两者都不”,作主语时谓语neither 动词用单数。 all,any与none
相同点 不同点 all any none 均用于三个或三个以上的人或物 指“三个或三个以上的人或物”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数,其反义词为none 指“三个或三个以上的人或物中的任意一个”,只能作定语 指“三个或三个以上的人或物中没有一个(全否定)”,相当于not any 注意:(1)no one用来指人,不能接of短语,当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)none不仅指人也可以指物,其后常跟of短语。none代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可。
如:None of the information is correct.信息都不正确。
None of the soldiers are(is) afraid of difficulties.战士们都不怕困难。 few,a few和little,a little
如:The problem is too students can work it out.这道题太难了。没几个学生能做出来。 She says little but does much.她说得少,做得多。 each与every
单词 用法及意义 例句 4
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each every 指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个;意为“每个,各自的”,强调个体。 强调整体,表示“每个都”;指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个。 There are trees and flowers on each side of the street.街道的每一边都有树和花。 Every student has read a poem.每个学生都读了一首诗。 二、复合不定代词
复合不定代词一直是怀化中考的常考点,学生对此要熟练掌握。常见的复合不定代词如下表:
somebody (某人) someone (某人) something (某事) 到肯定的回答。
2.由any构成的复合不定代词通常用于否定句和疑问句中。
3.复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语,不能作定语。作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。 4.当形容词或else(另外)修饰复合不定代词时,形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面。 【考点抢测】
( A ) girl in purple is new here,so ________ people know her. A.few B.a few C.little
( C ) of the computers are working because of the power failure. A.All B.Both C.None
( A )3.(2016乐山中考)I dont understand what you you please give me______example? A.another B.other C.others
( B )4.(2016怀化中考模拟)—How did you get the MP4,from a shop or by TV? —________.I always like shopping online. A.None B.Neither C.Both
( A )5.—Do you think ________ of the students can take part in the Marathon Skating? —Certainly they fact,they make good use of ________ skating lesson. A.each;every B.every;each C.each;all
( A ) are able to talk openly to one another whenever ________ of them feels hurt. A.either B.both C.neither
( A )7.(2016株洲中考模拟)You don't have a I get you ________? A.something B.anything C.nothing
指示代词和疑问代词
【满分点拨】
anybody (任何人) anyone (任何人) anything (任何事) nobody (没有人) no one (没有人) nothing (没有东西) everybody (每人) everyone (每人) everything (每一件事) 1.由some构成的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句中,也可用于建议或请求的疑问句中,表示说话人希望得
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