公共行政学经典文选(专业英语)
专业英语复习材料
2011.1.19 2A401 上午9:00~10:45
简答：
2 . Politics and Administration Frank J .Goodnow
There are, then, in all governmental systems two primary or ultimate functions of government, viz . the expression of the will of the state and the execution of that will . There are also in all states separate organs, each of which is mainly busied with the discharge of one of these functions . These functions are, respectively, Politics and Adminis- tration.(p34)
因此，在所有的政府体制中都存在着两种主要
的或基本的政府职能，即国家意志的表达职能和国家意志的执行职能。在所有的国家中都存在着分立的机关，每个分立的机关都用它们的大部分时间行使着两种职能中的一种。这两种职能分别就是：政治与行政。
Actual political necessity however requires that there shall be harmony between the expression and execution of the state will .(p35)
然而，实际政治的需要却要求国家意志的表达
与执行之间协调一致。
3. Scientific Management Frederick W .Taylor (1) To develop a science to replace the old rule-of-thumb knowledge. (2) The scientific selection of the workmen and his development. (3) The bringing of the science and the scientifically selected and trained workmen together. (4) An almost equal division of the actual work of the establishment between the workmen and the management.
5 . Notes on the Theory of Organization Luther Gulick
There are three clear limitations beyond which the division of work cannot to advantage go . The first is practical and arises from the volume of work involved in man-hours .The second limitation arises from
technology and custom at a given time and place . The third limitation is that the subdivision of work must not pass beyond physical division into organic division . (p58)
分工有三个明显的限制，超过这些限制分工就不能有利地进行。首先是实际工作中限制，是由与人员和工作时间有关的工作量产生的。第二种限制是由某一时刻和某一地点的技术和习惯造成的。第三种限制在于，越来越细的分工不能超出身体分工的范围变成器管的分工。
Before doing this, however, it is necessary to have a clear picture of the job itself . This brings us directly to the question,“What is the work of the chief executive ? What does he do ?”.
The answer is POSDCORB .
POSDCORB is, of course, a made-up word designed to call attention to the various functional elements of the work of a chief executive because “administration” and “management ” have lost all specific content . POSDCORB is made up of the initials and stands for the following activities:
Planning, that is working out in broad outline the things that need to be done and the methods for doing them to accomplish the purpose set for the enterprise;
Organizing, that is the establishment of the formal structure of authority through which work subdivisions are arranged, defined and co-ordinated for the defined objective; Staffing, that is the whole personnel function of bringing in and training the staff and maintaining favorable conditions of work;
Directing, that is the continuous task of making decisions and embodying them in specific and general orders and instructions and serving as the leader of the enterprise;
Co-ordinating, that is the all important duty of interrelating the various parts of the work;
Reporting, that is keeping those to whom the executive is responsible informed as to what is going on, which thus includes keeping himself and his subordinates informed through records, research and inspection; Budgeting, with all that goes with budgeting in the form of fiscal planning, accounting and control . (p70)
但是，在这样做之前，我们有必要弄清这种工作本身的情况。这就向我们直接提出了一个问题：“什么是最高管理者的工作？他做些什么？”
答案是POSDCORB。
当然POSDCORB是一种组合词，目的在于唤起人们对最高管理者的各种职能性的工作因素的注意，因为“行政”和“管理”已经失去了所有具体的内容。POSDCORB是由下列活动的首字母组成的并象征着这些活动：
公共行政学经典文选(专业英语)
