高一英语定语从句的归纳
一．几个基本概念
1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。
4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why
5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能（作用）： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。 7.定语从句的类型：
﹙1﹚限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句
Themanwhoyou’retalkingtoismyfriend. ②由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导 Themantowhomyou’retalkingismyfriend. IneedapenwithwhichIcanwritealetter.
=IneedapieceofpaperonwhichIcanwritealetter.
介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：
Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity. =ThemanaboutwhomItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.
Thepalace(which/that)Ioftenpayavisittowasbuiltinthe17thcentury. =ThepalacetowhichIoftenpayavisitwasbuiltinthe17thcentury. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。
②由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导。
Iliveinahousefarawayfromthecity,infrontofwhichisabigtree. Thereisanappletreestandingatthegate,onwhicharemanyapples. ThisisthemantowhomIgavethebook.
③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“ofwhich/whom+名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom,指物用which)引导。
One,some,any,none,all,both,several,many,most,neither,either等词、数词、分数或百分比与ofwhom或ofwhich连用。
Hehasfivechildren,twoofwhomareabroad.
(比较：Hehasfivechildren,andtwoofthemareabroad.) Wehavethreebooks,noneofwhichis/areinteresting.
(比较：Wehavethreebooks,butnoneofthemis/areinteresting.)
除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。
2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。
Theengineer,whoselegwasbadlyhurt,wasquicklysenttohospital. （那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤）
Theengineerwhoselegwasbadlyhurtwasquicklysenttohospital. （那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院） 3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略（包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内）。指人做主语时只能用who,做宾语时用whom;
指物做主语，宾语都用which;关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。 Theman,______issittingonthechair,ismyfather.
Thewoman,_______Imetyesterday,ismyEnglishteacher. Thecity,_______isfaraway,isverybeautiful. HewenttoAmerica,______hisparentslive. HejoinedtheArmyyesterday,______Ileft,too. 引导非限定性定语从句：
Thehouse,whosewindowfacessouth,ismine.
=Thehouse,thewindowofwhichfacessouth,ismine. ＝Thehouse,ofwhichthewindowfacessouth,ismine. 二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。
that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。 Doyouknowthegentlemanwho/thatissittingthere?
who/that指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的宾语（动宾或介宾）。 ①当作动宾（动词后接宾语）时，关系代词可省略。 Doyouknowthegentleman(whom/who/that)wemetjustnow? ②当作介宾（介词后接宾语）时： 介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。 Theman(whom/who/that)Ispokewithismyteacher. ThemanwithwhomIspokeismyteacher.
※注：固定的动词短语（动词+介词）如lookfor,takecareof等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。
Sheistherightgirl(who/whom/that)wearelookingfor.
:指人或物，是所有格“…的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语（动宾或介宾）即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose不能省略。。Whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the=n. Ididn’tfindthedeskwhoselegwasbroken.（主语） HeisthestudentwhosepencilIbrokeyesterday.（动宾） ThebossinwhosecompanyIworkisverykind.（介宾）
that指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语（动宾或介宾）。 ①当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。 ②当作介宾时：
介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。 Thehousewhich/thatwasdestroyedintheearthquakeisweak. Thepen(which/that)youfoundyesterdayismine.
Thegames(that/which)theyoungmencompetedinweredifficult. Thegamesinwhichtheyoungmencompetedweredifficult.
※注:介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用whom，指物用which)。
※指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语，宾语，表语或状语，不能省略。主要用于
“thesame…as…；such…as…；so…as…；as…as…；asfollows”固定结构中，形式固定此时的引导限定性定语从句。要用as代替who(m),which,或that引导定语从句： SuchpeopleasknewHillthoughthewashonest. SuchpeopleasHillknewthoughthewashonest. Myhometownisnolongerthesameasitwas. Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift. Thechildknowsasmuchasgrow-ups(know).
I’dliketohavethesamebooksasareusedinyourschool. HeisnotsuchapersonasIexpected.
Hewillmarryasprettyagirlashecanfind.
※注：which和as可引导非限定性定语从句：可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。因此，当as/which指代前面的整个句子，或前句中的部分内容作定语从句的主语时，谓语用单数． Ourteamlostthegame,as/whichwasreportedinthenewspaper. Shewasterrified,as/whichIcouldseefromhereyes. Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural. 区别：
①as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面。 Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural. =Aswasnatural,hemarriedher.
MarkTwinisagreatwriter,which/asisknowntoall. =Asisknowntoall,MarkTwinisagreatwriter.
②as引导的从句有“正如”、“正像”之意，而which则无此意。常用句型有：
asweallknow,asisknowntoall,aseverybodycansee,asisexpected,Asisknown/said/reported/told/weallknow等。如：
Asweallknow,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.
Toshutyoureyestofacts,asmanyofyoudo,isfoolish. ③主句和从句有因果关系时，用which.
Ourclasshaswonthefootballmatch,whichmadeusveryhappy. Bamboosarehollow,whichmakesthemverylight. ④从句含否定意义时常用which.
Shedidn’tpasstheexam,whichwecouldn’texpect. Shedidn’tpasstheexam,asweexpected.
关系副词：指时间。在定语从句中作时间状语，不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which替换（此时先行词一定是表时间的名词）。 IstillrememberthetimewhenIjoinedtheLeague.
＝IstillrememberthetimeonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.
＝Istillrememberthetime(which/that)IjoinedtheLeagueon.
关系副词：指地点。在定语从句中作地点状语，不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which替换（此时先行词一定是表地点的名词）。
IstillremembertheschoolwhereIjoinedtheLeague. ＝IstillremembertheschoolinwhichIjoinedtheLeague.
＝Istillremembertheschool(which/that)IjoinedtheLeaguein. ※注：对关系副词when,where的认识。
①.先行词是时间的名词，并非都用关系副词when引导定语从句。 I’llneverforgetthetime(which/that)IspentinBeijing.
②.先行词是地点的名词，并非都用关系副词where引导定语从句。 Thisisthefactory(which/that)hevisitedyesterday.
③.当句型为It/This/Thatis(was)thefirst(second…last)time引起的句子时用that连接其后的句子。此时的time是次数，不是时间。 It/Thisisthefirsttimethatwetravel.
It/ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.
指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词通常为reason,不能省略。且why引导的定语从句只能是限定性定语从句。Why=forwhich
Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateyesterday.
Thereasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslateisthathemissedthebus. ※注：当先行词为reason时，关系副词并非都用why。 Thisisthereason(that/which)hegave/explainedtous. 【判断用关系代词还是关系副词】
从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。试比较： Iwillneverforgettheday(which/that)IspentinHongkong. (spent是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略)
Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichHongkongreturnedtoitsmotherland. （从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词）
Thereason（that/which）hegavefornotcomingtoschoolyesterdayisn’tbelievable. (gave是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略)
Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdayisn’tbelievable. （从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词） 三.值得注意的几个问题：
第一.当先行词是物时，关系代词(that/which)只用that的情况。 1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。 Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyear.
Thisisthefirstbook(that)Iborrowfromthelibrary. ※Heisthefirststudentthat/whocametoschooltoday. 2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。
Hetalkedabouttheteachersandtheschool(that)hehadvisited. 3.当先行词本身是all的，用that。(allthat=what) Allthat(what)Iwanttosaytoyouis“Thankyou”. =All(what)Iwanttosaytoyouis“Thankyou”. Gooverallthat(what)welearned.
=Gooverall(what)welearned.（that在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略） 4.先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything,thing时，用that. I’lltellyouanything(that)Iknow. 5.当先行词前有
all,much,little,many,(a)few,every,some,any,no,only,thevery,oneof,theonly,thelast,thenext等修饰语时。
Thisisoneofthebooks(that)I’mveryinterestingin. ※ThisisoneofthebooksinwhichI’mveryinteresting. Thisistheonlybook(that)Iread.
Heistheonlyoneoftheboysthatlikesplayingthepiano.
Alltheglassesthatwereonthetablefelloffontothefloor.
6.（人，物），当先行词在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中时，用that引导以避免混淆．
Whoisthemanthatistalkingwiththelady?
Whichofyouthatknowtheanswercancometothefront? 7.当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时，用that． Helikesthegirlthatsheusedtobe.
第二.当先行词是物时，关系代词(that/which)只用which的情况。 1.作介宾且介词置于引导词之前时． Theroominwhichhelivesisverylarge.
2.引导非限定性定语从句时（主，宾都用which, 都不能省略）． Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld. Thehouse,whichIvisitedyesterday,isverylarge.
指整个句子的内容或部分内容，引导非限定性定语从句． Healwaysmakesfunofme,whichupsetsme. 第三. 其他特殊情况．
1.先行词是these,those指人时，关系代词只用who. Thosewhoareplayingovertherearemystudents.
2.先行词是人称代词(he,she…)时，关系代词只用who. Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.
3.不定代词someone,anyone,everyone,noone,somebody,anybody,everybody作先行词时，关系代词用who.
Anybodywhobreakstheruleswouldbepunished.
4.①先行词是theonlyoneof+可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用单数形式（因为此时的先行词是theonlyone,而不是of后的可数名词复数）． Heistheonlyoneoftheboysthatlikesplayingthepiano. Thisistheonlyoneofthebooksthatisborrowed.
②先行词是oneof+可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用复数形式（因为此时的先行词是of后的可数名词复数,而不是one）． Thisisoneofthestudentswhoarelate.
5.当主句缺先行词时，用theone代替，但须注意：theone只能代替可数名词单数．如为不可数名词时，指什么用什么．
IsthisschooltheoneIvisitedyesterday? Ispopmusicthemusichelikesbest?
6.当先行词是theway, 在定语从句中充当方式状语时（theway表＂以…方式／方法＂），引导词通常用that或省略，也可用inwhich． Idon’tliketheway(that)youspeak. =Idon’tlikethewayinwhichyouspeak.
=Idon’tliketheway(which/that)youspeakin. 【“介词+关系代词”十种情况】 在定语从句中，介词+关系代词结构是一种较为复杂的问题。现就几种常见的介词+关系代词的结构浅析如下：
1．介词+which在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词
when,where和why。如：Istillrememberthedayonwhich(when)Ifirstcametoschool.我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。
Thefactoryinwhich(=where)Iworkisalargeone.我工作的工厂是一个大工厂。
高一英语语法定语从句归纳总结
