专题四 形容词和副词
[全国卷考情分析]
题型分类 典题试做 1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even worse(bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes 语法填空 up. 2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The title will be officially(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. 1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They often get up earlier→early and water the vegetables 短文改错 together. 2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Beside→Besides，they often get some useful information from the Internet.
(对应学生用书第188页)
1.形容词之间或形容词与副词的错用； 2．形近引起的错用； 3．比较等级的错用。 命题解读 1.考查形容词和副词的基本用法； 2．考查形容词或副词比较等级的用法； 3．考查词类转换。
[先试做题组] 单句语法填空
1．(2017·吉林省实验中学模拟)They invited all the most experienced (experience)experts in this field to discuss and quite a few suggestions were put forward.
2．(2017·湖南长沙六校联考)Surprisingly(surprise)，when I got home，I found a wet U．S.$20 bill stuck to the ground.
3．(2017·郑州一中调研)They can also make their own special sounds to keep the story interesting(interest) and attractive. [再解读要点]
形容词和副词的基本用法 1 / 10
1．形容词的基本用法
(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。 (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Although it doesn't taste of anything special，it's still worth a try，...
尽管它尝起来没有任何特殊的地方，但是还是值得一试。
(2016·北京高考)Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail again.
天气状况太差，他想找到雪橇的轨迹是不可能的。
(2)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
(安徽高考)Light-hearted and optimistic，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。
易错警示 以-ly结尾的形容词，常见的有：friendly，lovely，lively，lonely，elderly，deadly 等。 2．副词的基本用法 (1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
(2015·安徽高考)They gave money to the old people's home either personally or through their companies.
他们或者亲自或者通过他们的公司给敬老院送钱。
(安徽高考)Thankfully，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。
(2)常考的连接性副词：though“然而，可是”(用于句末)；meanwhile“在此期间”；therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”；moreover/furthermore“而且，此外”；besides“另外，还有”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替”；anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”；otherwise“否则”。
(天津高考)The young man couldn't afford a new car.Instead，he bought a used one. 那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。
(江西高考)The house was too expensive and too big.Besides，I'd grown fond of
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our little rented house.这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。
易错警示 易用错的几类副词 (1)意义有别的同根副词。如：free(免费地)/freely(自由地)，hard(努力地)/ hardly(几乎不)，late(晚，迟)/ lately(最近)，most(很，最)/mostly(主要地)，fair(公平地)/fairly(相当地)，near(临近)/nearly(几乎)等。 (2)有些副词有两种形式：以-ly结尾时表示抽象意义；与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如：close接近/closely密切地；wide宽地/widely广泛地；high高地/highly高度地；deep深地/deeply 深深地。 [先试做题组] 单句语法填空
1．(2017·广东湛江调研)The more support you win from others，the faster(fast) you will move toward your goal.
2．(2017·浙江金温台三市联考)If they have been caught several times playing video games at work，their salaries may be cut，and even worse(bad)，they may lose their jobs.
3．Four fifths of the people on the Net believe China's economy is among the strongest(strong) in the world.
【导学号：33220108】
[再解读要点]
1．比较级和最高级的构成 (1)变化规则
变化规则 单音节的词一般在后面加-er和-est 以“辅音字母＋-e”结尾的词，在后面加-r和-st 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，将y改为例词 tall →taller →tallest quick →quicker →quickest late →later →latest pale →paler →palest early →earlier →earliest 形容词和副词的比较等级 3 / 10
i，再加-er和-est 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，则双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-est 其他双音节和多音节的词都在前面加more和most 易错警示 heavy →heavier →heaviest thin →thinner →thinnest hot →hotter →hottest careful →more careful →most careful 有少数几个双音节以及-ow，-er，-le结尾的词，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词：narrow，common，clever，simple，quiet，stupid等。 (2)不规则变化 good/well →better →best；bad/ill →worse →worst；many/much →more →most；far →farther/further →farthest/furthest；old →older/elder →oldest/eldest；little →less →least 2．比较等级的用法 (1)同级比较
①as＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...“和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...“和……不一样”
(2017·河南中原名校联考)Since people are fond of humor，it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else.因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。
②当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构： as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as... as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as... as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...
(2017·湖南长郡中学月考)I'm not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today. 今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。 (2)比较级
“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方……”。
(2017·大连二十中月考)I know my sister better than anyone else.Once she has
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made up her mind，nothing can change it.我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变。 易错警示 修饰比较等级的副词：much，even，still，far，yet，a little，a lot，a bit，rather，any等。more，very等副词不可修饰比较级，这也是短文改错中常出现的错误之一。 (3)最高级 ①表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“……是……中最……的”。
(2015·四川高考)Andy is content with the toy.It is the best he has ever got.安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。 ②最高级的其他表达法 a．否定词＋比较级
b．比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than anything/anyone else
Your story is perfect；I've never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了，我以前从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China. 长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。 易错警示 有些词本身就有最高级含义，不能再用最高级形式，常见的有：favorite，wonderful，exhausted等；有些词本身有比较级含义，但不与than连用，如be senior to等。 (4)含有比较等级的特殊句型 ①“the＋adj./adv.-er，the＋adj./adv.-er” “越……，越……”
②“adj./adv.-er＋and＋adj./adv.-er”“越来越……”
③“the＋adj.-er＋of the two＋名词”“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个” ④no more than“仅仅”；not more than“至多；不超过” ⑤more...than...“与其说……不如说……”
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高三英语一轮复习第2部分语法专题突破专题4形容词和副词教师用书北师大版
