《遥感数字图像处理》01次实习报告

difficult, not hating; blueprints, not rhetoric; words and simple, but full of love, truth, passion, entrepreneurial passion. Take this opportunity, my inspirational quotes Li Dazhao's classic \specialise in uplifting blend with the article\with a view on how to do well under the new situation of township and village leaders inspire and help, and also share with you. A good play to create iron shoulders strong arms, to assume the burden be passed; only specific qualities, will it be possible in specific areas to create a world. In my view, village chiefs in the new situation, we must first have five basic quality. One ambition is to pioneer. \handsome.\h-minded can stimulate the flow of momentum to become brave and persistent, become quiet and powerful. Township and village party \hin their respective jurisdictions, political stability and economic and social development issues, decisions and orientation depends to a large extent because of your. Everybody in village chiefs and the positions, both the trust of the masses, the Organization's trust, more ability to you, fully affirmed the moral and other qualities. Therefore, we must always maintain the historical mission and social responsibility, and our ideal tree rooted in the hard work of the soil, with indomitable spirit, indomitable courage to open up a new situation of villages and towns. To have a feeling of closeness to the second. \people and country.\Our business foundation in the people's blood in the people power people. Advanced decisions of the party cadres to the feelings of the people is an eternal theme. Fan Zhong-yan, called \bout others\heng Banqiao's also wrote a \a Chai lay listening to the rustling of bamboo, the suspect is suffering. Cao County officials, little my, a total turn off. \l official even has so feelings, alone we is to\ng \s of people servant does? we more should always hold with on people of deep feelings, heart Department masses of leading visited tea, care masses of emotions thoughts complained, always insisted put masses of interests put in first, consciously from itself do up, from small do up, from masses most care, and most directly, and most reality of interests problem grabbed, real do love for people by Department, and right for people by with, and Lee for people by conspiracy to. Three with the fame of mind. \nsist your dream, without serenity not go far.\nsion to fame is morality, is the sublimation of the soul. As Township and village, be sure to maintain a normal state of mind, establish a correct viewpoint on power, position and values and Outlook, as fame is light like water, depending ... 50 km, also red and like hundreds of thousands of the KMT military combat, but he went on to collect a variety of newspapers and magazines, and then race against time to pore over. As long as the study of mind, it is not necessary to come to the library, workshops, into the villages, people learned farming techniques, problem-solving methods, participation in 实习序号及题目 实习人姓名 任课教师姓名 实习地点 实习1. Landsat影像数据下载、导入、目视解译与分析 专业班级及编号 实习指导教师姓名 09地基 01号 榆中校区实验楼A209 实习日期时间 2011年 10月25日 实习目的 （1）学会使用USGS网上下载工具进行landsat卫星影像的检索和下载。 （2）初步掌握ENVI影像处理软件的是使用方法，熟悉软件的用户界面、功能模块及对遥感影像一些基本操作。 （3）复习遥感导论课程中的遥感影像目视解译环节，选择自己熟悉的地区，进行Lansat TM/ETM+影像的目视解译。 实习内容 （1）课前准备：选择自己感兴趣或熟悉的地区，例如自己的家乡，下载一景Landsat TM/ETM+影像。下载时注意观察视窗左侧的获取时相，云量，传感器，质量等。 （2）下载后观察的压缩包名称，解压后观察数据组成及文件名，简要描述里面两个txt文件和一个gtf文件中的内容。下载时注意不要下载2003年5月23日后的Lansat7 ETM+影像数据（有缺条带问题，即SLC-off问题）。 （3）以多波段组合将GeoTIFF格式的Landsat TM/ETM+原始数据转换为ENVI所特有的格式，其中的6波段即热红外波段单独转化。 （4）查询并记录影像文件的基本信息、投影信息，以及各个波段直方图信息，然后编辑头文件，包括：波段的名字和波长。 （5）打开影像，利用Viewer视窗中影像缩小、放大、漫游工具识别影像中的土地利用/土地覆盖类型，可能的土地利用/土地覆盖类型包括： 耕地farmland 草地grassland 裸地barren land 森林forest 城镇居民地town 农村居民地village 沙漠desert 公路/铁路road or railway河流stream 水库reservoir 冰雪ice and snow 云cloud 阴影shadow （6）分别选取4、3、2和7、4、2波段组合进行假彩色和成，观察上述地物的色调变化，列表说明上述地物分别在两种波段组合下的颜色特征。 （7）利用Viewer视窗中的光谱剖面工具，提取上述地物在不同波段的DN值（针对影像中的6种地物至少各采集10个样本），取平均值后做光谱剖面图，分析不同地物的灰度值随波段变化的特点。将光谱剖面数据保存为文本文件。 （8）利用7步骤所得数据完成每种地物的样本特征光谱统计表。 （9）使用Excel分析工具对7步骤产生的数据文件进行分析，从TM/ETM+ 1、2、3、4、5、7中任取两个相间隔波段的数据，做散点图，分析上述不同地物在光谱空间中的分布特征（统一坐标系中使用不同的符号表示不同的地表覆盖类型）。 （10）利用Resize Data工具从可见光/近红外的6个波段影像中选取512×512子区并保存，对影像进行分析，说明子区影像直方图与原影像直方图的差异，并分析子区影像的基本特征。重新计算原影像统计特征值，注意观察记录结果的变化。 conferences, learned superiors policies; reports, you can learn to deal with problems, art, just wanted to learn, to learn at any time. To continuously expand the scope of the study. The complexity and comprehensiveness of our work, decided to not only do we want to be \ssionals\or if \dabble in different areas of knowledge. Mastery of knowledge not only to have knowledge to rational analysis. This on requirements we, not only to learning national of route, and approach, and policy, also to learning national of legal, and regulations; not only to with political theory armed mind, also to with economic theory guide work; not only to read history, also to read history; not only to absorption SM of mirror, also to gets is of road; not only to from local learn, also to to outside learn; not only to to books learn, also to field study learn. Therefore, I would encourage you, and more to the outside world when I have time to take a look at, take a stroll, outside developments, learn other people's development approach, and then come back to guide our work. Second, we must think. \ning without thought to overshadow, thinking without learning is perilous.\ant to foster the character of advancing with the times, forge ahead, often reflect themselves in adapting to the new situation on whether there are delays, have anything to fear in the reform and innovation, whether in terms of accelerating the development of a relaxation, keep promising State of mind. In order to do investigations, investigations is the road to heaven, God disposes of the base. To wants to real heard truth, and justice to truth, and get truth, received effectiveness, on must in-depth actual, and outreach, and in-depth masses, worship masses for Division, and masses heart, with masses with discussion everyone care of problem, listening they of calls, understand they of mood, feel they of suffering, summary they of experience, concentrated they of wisdom, especially on masses mosthope, and most urgent, and most worries, and most complained of hot, and difficulties and focus problem, more to active research, caught not put. Dare to innovate, in our work, often remain \d way doesn't work, the new approach would not%uation, the reason, the key is that many people know that copying other people's ideas, mechanically, using someone else's old ways. To change this predicament, requires us to break the shackles of traditional concepts to overcome conservative, conformist, good at finding new problems and to accept new things, summarize new experience, new ideas, developing new programmes and Maverick, a new approach to solve problems, speed up development. Especially in implement superior policy spirit of process in the, both implementation, and cannot mechanically, to to extraordinary of courage and develop enterprising of spirit, put flexibility and principle combined up, put superior of spirit and local reality combined up, ong conspiracy to breakthrough of policy, and exercise innovation of lift, developed out development works of, and grass-roots welcomes of difficult, not hating; blueprints, not rhetoric; words and simple, but full of love, truth, passion, entrepreneurial passion. Take this opportunity, my inspirational quotes Li Dazhao's classic \specialise in uplifting blend with the article\with a view on how to do well under the new situation of township and village leaders inspire and help, and also share with you. A good play to create iron shoulders strong arms, to assume the burden be passed; only specific qualities, will it be possible in specific areas to create a world. In my view, village chiefs in the new situation, we must first have five basic quality. One ambition is to pioneer. \handsome.\h-minded can stimulate the flow of momentum to become brave and persistent, become quiet and powerful. Township and village party \hin their respective jurisdictions, political stability and economic and social development issues, decisions and orientation depends to a large extent because of your. Everybody in village chiefs and the positions, both the trust of the masses, the Organization's trust, more ability to you, fully affirmed the moral and other qualities. Therefore, we must always maintain the historical mission and social responsibility, and our ideal tree rooted in the hard work of the soil, with indomitable spirit, indomitable courage to open up a new situation of villages and towns. To have a feeling of closeness to the second. \people and country.\Our business foundation in the people's blood in the people power people. Advanced decisions of the party cadres to the feelings of the people is an eternal theme. Fan Zhong-yan, called \bout others\heng Banqiao's also wrote a \a Chai lay listening to the rustling of bamboo, the suspect is suffering. Cao County officials, little my, a total turn off. \l official even has so feelings, alone we is to\ng \s of people servant does? we more should always hold with on people of deep feelings, heart Department masses of leading visited tea, care masses of emotions thoughts complained, always insisted put masses of interests put in first, consciously from itself do up, from small do up, from masses most care, and most directly, and most reality of interests problem grabbed, real do love for people by Department, and right for people by with, and Lee for people by conspiracy to. Three with the fame of mind. \-indifferent not insist your dream, without serenity not go far.\nsion to fame is morality, is the sublimation of the soul. As Township and village, be sure to maintain a normal state of mind, establish a correct viewpoint on power, position and values and Outlook, as fame is light like water, depending ... 50 km, also red and like hundreds of thousands of the KMT military combat, but he went on to collect a variety of newspapers and magazines, and then race against time to pore over. As long as the study of mind, it is not necessary to come to the library, workshops, into the villages, people learned farming techniques, problem-solving methods, participation in 数据准备 （1）使用Google Chrome浏览器访问如下地址：http://glovis.usgs.gov，进入USGS Global Visualization Viewer视图，设置Landsat TM/ETM+数据检索的传感器类型、地理坐标范围，进行检索。针对选择好的卫星影像，查看左边Sene Information中看到ID为：LT272IKR00，表示是landsat5号卫星的TM，轨道为130路，035行，2011年的第272路，数据由IKR地面站接受。数据云的覆盖量为0%，质量为9，获取时间为2011/9/29,然后进行下载。我下载的是家乡甘肃白银的landsat 5 TM影像数据。 （2）将下载数据进行解压，里面包括geotiff格式、txt格式、gtf格式的数据，数据LLNppprrr_rrrYYYYMMDD_AAA.TIF的命名表示：LL ，卫星和传感器；N，卫星号；ppp该数据开始的轨道数；rrr_rrr，此数据开始和结束的行数；YYYYMMDD数据获取的时间；AAA表示波段数。故L__B30表示，landsat TM 5,轨道130路，035行到035行，获取时间为2011年9月29日，为第3波段数据。 （3）从MTL.txt文本文件中可以获取的信息：产品创建时间，影像获取时间，卫星编号，传感器编号，轨道号及起始和终止行号，产品包含的波段，图像四个角的地理坐标系经纬度及大地坐标系方里网XY坐标值，地面控制点文件名等等。从GCP.txt中可以知道：地面控制点的经纬度和高程数据。gtf格式的数据中可以知道:产品等级，格式，以及一些关于遥感影像的介绍和网站，卫星和传感器介绍，还有遥感影像数据的命名方式，及代表的意义。 操作方法及过程 （1）以多波段组合方式将GeoTIFF格式的白银市TM原始数据转换为ENVI Standard 格式： 利用Basic Tools/Layer Stacking弹出对话框话框然后Import File，弹出对，导入GeoTIFF格式的TM原始数据，选择波段1、2、3、4、5和7，点击OK，利用Choose选择输出路径及文件名，同时可以利用Reorder Files对输入的文件根据自己的需要进行调换顺序，点击OK输出ENVI Standard格式的数据。 （2）查询并记录影像文件的基本信息、投影信息，以及各个波段直方图信息，然后编辑头文件： 利用Basic Tools/Resize Data弹出对话框里面选择要查看的影像，左边会出现其基本信息，如图所示：单波段的也可以看合成后整个影像的信息。在名字上右击，选择Quick Statistics弹出也有投影信息，既可以用来看对话框下，合成影像的对话框，在此对话框中点击Select Plo下拉菜单，选择单波段或者多波段的直方图，相应的对话框中会出现直方图（在结果与分析中记录），还可以右击选择edit修改横、纵坐标的单位。 同样的在合成影像的名字上右击，选择Edit Head，弹出对话框 conferences, learned superiors policies; reports, you can learn to deal with problems, art, just wanted to learn, to learn at any time. To continuously expand the scope of the study. The complexity and comprehensiveness of our work, decided to not only do we want to be \ssionals\or if \dabble in different areas of knowledge. Mastery of knowledge not only to have knowledge to rational analysis. This on requirements we, not only to learning national of route, and approach, and policy, also to learning national of legal, and regulations; not only to with political theory armed mind, also to with economic theory guide work; not only to read history, also to read history; not only to absorption SM of mirror, also to gets is of road; not only to from local learn, also to to outside learn; not only to to books learn, also to field study learn. Therefore, I would encourage you, and more to the outside world when I have time to take a look at, take a stroll, outside developments, learn other people's development approach, and then come back to guide our work. Second, we must think. \ning without thought to overshadow, thinking without learning is perilous.\ant to foster the character of advancing with the times, forge ahead, often reflect themselves in adapting to the new situation on whether there are delays, have anything to fear in the reform and innovation, whether in terms of accelerating the development of a relaxation, keep promising State of mind. In order to do investigations, investigations is the road to heaven, God disposes of the base. To wants to real heard truth, and justice to truth, and get truth, received effectiveness, on must in-depth actual, and outreach, and in-depth masses, worship masses for Division, and masses heart, with masses with discussion everyone care of problem, listening they of calls, understand they of mood, feel they of suffering, summary they of experience, concentrated they of wisdom, especially on masses mosthope, and most urgent, and most worries, and most complained of hot, and difficulties and focus problem, more to active research, caught not put. Dare to innovate, in our work, often remain \d way doesn't work, the new approach would not\situation, the reason, the key is that many people know that copying other people's ideas, mechanically, using someone else's old ways. To change this predicament, requires us to break the shackles of traditional concepts to overcome conservative, conformist, good at finding new problems and to accept new things, summarize new experience, new ideas, developing new programmes and Maverick, a new approach to solve problems, speed up development. Especially in implement superior policy spirit of process in the, both implementation, and cannot mechanically, to to extraordinary of courage and develop enterprising of spirit, put flexibility and principle combined up, put superior of spirit and local reality combined up, ong conspiracy to breakthrough of policy, and exercise innovation of lift, developed out development works of, and grass-roots welcomes of difficult, not hating; blueprints, not rhetoric; words and simple, but full of love, truth, passion, entrepreneurial passion. Take this opportunity, my inspirational quotes Li Dazhao's classic \specialise in uplifting blend with the article\with a view on how to do well under the new situation of township and village leaders inspire and help, and also share with you. A good play to create iron shoulders strong arms, to assume the burden be passed; only specific qualities, will it be possible in specific areas to create a world. In my view, village chiefs in the new situation, we must first have five basic quality. One ambition is to pioneer. \handsome.\h-minded can stimulate the flow of momentum to become brave and persistent, become quiet and powerful. Township and village party \hin their respective jurisdictions, political stability and economic and social development issues, decisions and orientation depends to a large extent because of your. Everybody in village chiefs and the positions, both the trust of the masses, the Organization's trust, more ability to you, fully affirmed the moral and other qualities. Therefore, we must always maintain the historical mission and social responsibility, and our ideal tree rooted in the hard work of the soil, with indomitable spirit, indomitable courage to open up a new situation of villages and towns. To have a feeling of closeness to the second. \people and country.\Our business foundation in the people's blood in the people power people. Advanced decisions of the party cadres to the feelings of the people is an eternal theme. Fan Zhong-yan, called \bout others\heng Banqiao's also wrote a \a Chai lay listening to the rustling of bamboo, the suspect is suffering. Cao County officials, little my, a total turn off. \l official even has so feelings, alone we is to\ng \s of people servant does? we more should always hold with on people of deep feelings, heart Department masses of leading visited tea, care masses of emotions thoughts complained, always insisted put masses of interests put in first, consciously from itself do up, from small do up, from masses mostcare, and most directly, and most reality of interests problem grabbed, real do love for people by Department, and right for people by with, and Lee for people by conspiracy to. Three with the fame of mind. \-indifferent not insist your dream, without serenity not go far.\nsion to fame is morality, is the sublimation of the soul. As Township and village, be sure to maintain a normal state of mind, establish a correct viewpoint on power, position and values and Outlook, as fame is light like water, depending ... 50 km, also red and like hundreds of thousands of the KMT military combat, but he went on to collect a variety of newspapers and magazines, and then race against time to pore over. As long as the study of mind, it is not necessary to come to the library, workshops, into the villages, people learned farming techniques, problem-solving methods, participation in 然后点击Edit Attributes/Band Name弹出对话框，选中波段输入修改后名字，点击OK即可进行波段名字的修改。点击Edit Attributes/Wavelengths弹出进行相应的波长的修改。 （3）在View视窗中，利用影像缩小、放大、漫游工具识别影像中的土地利用/土地覆盖类型: 可以结合当地的google earth上高分辨率的遥感影像，进行识别，利用Viewer视窗下Tools/SPEAR/Google Earth/Jump to Location可以在google earth上显示View主视窗中相应选中地物对应的位置。 （4）利用Viewer视窗打开影像，分别选取4、3、2和7、4、2波段组合进行假彩色合成，观察实习内容中所要求地物的色调变化： 利用File/Open Image File，选择第1步合成的ENVI Standard 格式的数据，弹出对话框，在其中选择RGB Color，将R、G、B分别设为4、3、2波段，点击Load Band，在Viewer#1中出现了4、3、2波段组合的假彩色图像，再在此窗口中，点击Display/New Display,弹出Viewer#2，选择 RGB Color,将R、G、B分别设为7、4、2波段，点击Load Band，在Viewer#2中出现了7、4、2波段组合的假彩色图像，在Viewer窗口中右击选择Link Displays，弹出对话框，点击OK，可以把两个窗口中同一位置进行连接起来，即其中一个窗口放大、缩小、漫游到某个位置，另外一个也跟着漫游到其相对应的位置。这样可以进行地物色调变化的对比。 （5）提取6种地物在不同波段的数值（Digital Number，DN），做光谱剖面图： 在Viewer视窗中Tools/Profile/Z Profile(Spectrum)弹出对话框,在其Options下拉菜单中勾选Plot Key,对话框中出现了Viewer视窗中选中的目标地物的X，Y坐标，然后勾选Collect Spectra，鼠标箭头变为十字箭头，在目标地物中取九个点（本来图上就有一个，总共是十个点），然后在选择File/Save Plot As/ASCII弹出对话框，点击Select All Items，利用Choose选择输出路径和文件名，点击OK，将其保存为.txt格式。选六种地物，重复以上操作，提取不同波段的数值（Digital Number，DN）。将.txt格式的文件用excel打开，然后用插入函数中的average函数求出每种地物的平均DN值，然后做出光谱剖面（光谱图如结果与分析中所示）。 （6）使用Excel制作6种地物的样本特征光谱统计表： 在Excel中分别使用插入函数中的AVERAGE、VAR、STDEV、MAX和MIN函数求出各地物样本DN值在各个波段的平均值、方差、标准差、最大值和最小值。然后，在07版Excel的“Microsoft Office 按钮”，单击“Excel 选项”。 “加载项”，然后在“管理”框中，选择“Excel 加载项”，单击“转到”弹出“加载宏”，在弹出来的对话框中选择“分析工具库”，并点击确定。然后从“工具”中找到“数据分析”，从“数据分析”对话框中选择“协方差”，并导入某种地物需求协方差的数据区域并选择“逐行”进行，最后选择数据输出区域并确定，则可得该地物的协方差矩阵。同理，在从“数据分析”对话框中选择“相关系数”，进行相应操作，可求得相关系数矩阵。（在结果与分析中附有个地物的样本特征光谱统计表） （7）制作散点图： 在Excel中，打开6种地物的样本DN数据（5步骤产生的），选择band2和band4做散conferences, learned superiors policies; reports, you can learn to deal with problems, art, just wanted to learn, to learn at any time. To continuously expand the scope of the study. The complexity and comprehensiveness of our work, decided to not only do we want to be \ssionals\or if \dabble in different areas of knowledge. Mastery of knowledge not only to have knowledge to rational analysis. This on requirements we, not only to learning national of route, and approach, and policy, also to learning national of legal, and regulations; not only to with political theory armed mind, also to with economic theory guide work; not only to read history, also to read history; not only to absorption SM of mirror, also to gets is of road; not only to from local learn, also to to outside learn; not only to to books learn, also to field study learn. Therefore, I would encourage you, and more to the outside world when I have time to take a look at, take a stroll, outside developments, learn other people's development approach, and then come back to guide our work. Second, we must think. \ning without thought to overshadow, thinking without learning is perilous.\ant to foster the character of advancing with the times, forge ahead, often reflect themselves in adapting to the new situation on whether there are delays, have anything to fear in the reform and innovation, whether in terms of accelerating the development of a relaxation, keep promising State of mind. In order to do investigations, investigations is the road to heaven, God disposes of the base. To wants to real heard truth, and justice to truth, and get truth, received effectiveness, on must in-depth actual, and outreach, and in-depth masses, worship masses for Division, and masses heart, with masses with discussion everyone care of problem, listening they of calls, understand they of mood, feel they of suffering, summary they of experience, concentrated they of wisdom, especially on masses mosthope, and most urgent, and most worries, and most complained of hot, and difficulties and focus problem, more to active research, caught not put. Dare to innovate, in our work, often remain \d way doesn't work, the new approach would not%uation, the reason, the key is that many people know that copying other people's ideas, mechanically, using someone else's old ways. To change this predicament, requires us to break the shackles of traditional concepts to overcome conservative, conformist, good at finding new problems and to accept new things, summarize new experience, new ideas, developing new programmes and Maverick, a new approach to solve problems, speed up development. Especially in implement superior policy spirit of process in the, both implementation, and cannot mechanically, to to extraordinary of courage and develop enterprising of spirit, put flexibility and principle combined up, put superior of spirit and local reality combined up, ong conspiracy to breakthrough of policy, and exercise innovation of lift, developed out development works of, and grass-roots welcomes of difficult, not hating; blueprints, not rhetoric; words and simple, but full of love, truth, passion, entrepreneurial passion. Take this opportunity, my inspirational quotes Li Dazhao's classic \specialise in uplifting blend with the article\with a view on how to do well under the new situation of township and village leaders inspire and help, and also share with you. A good play to create iron shoulders strong arms, to assume the burden be passed; only specific qualities, will it be possible in specific areas to create a world. In my view, village chiefs in the new situation, we must first have five basic quality. One ambition is to pioneer. \handsome.\h-minded can stimulate the flow of momentum to become brave and persistent, become quiet and powerful. Township and village party \hin their respective jurisdictions, political stability and economic and social development issues, decisions and orientation depends to a large extent because of your. Everybody in village chiefs and the positions, both the trust of the masses, the Organization's trust, more ability to you, fully affirmed the moral and other qualities. Therefore, we must always maintain the historical mission and social responsibility, and our ideal tree rooted in the hard work of the soil, with indomitable spirit, indomitable courage to open up a new situation of villages and towns. To have a feeling of closeness to the second. \people and country.\Our business foundation in the people's blood in the people power people. Advanced decisions of the party cadres to the feelings of the people is an eternal theme. Fan Zhong-yan, called \bout others\heng Banqiao's also wrote a \a Chai lay listening to the rustling of bamboo, the suspect is suffering. Cao County officials, little my, a total turn off. \l official even has so feelings, alone we is to\ng \s of people servant does? we more should always hold with on people of deep feelings, heart Department masses of leading visited tea, care masses of emotions thoughts complained, always insisted put masses of interests put in first, consciously from itself do up, from small do up, from masses most care, and most directly, and most reality of interests problem grabbed, real do love for people by Department, and right for people by with, and Lee for people by conspiracy to. Three with the fame of mind. \-indifferent not insist your dream, without serenity not go far.\nsion to fame is morality, is the sublimation of the soul. As Township and village, be sure to maintain a normal state of mind, establish a correct viewpoint on power, position and values and Outlook, as fame is light like water, depending ... 50 km, also red and like hundreds of thousands of the KMT military combat, but he went on to collect a variety of newspapers and magazines, and then race against time to pore over. As long as the study of mind, it is not necessary to come to the library, workshops, into the villages, people learned farming techniques, problem-solving methods, participation in 点图。从插入图表中选择散点图，然后点击“选择数据”，弹出对话框 ，进行加载系列和数据：如图所示：按“添加”后弹出 进行系类名称和X、Y轴数据的选择，X为Band2，Y为Band4，如此重复完成六个系类的添加，点击确定，即可生成散点图。 （8）从可见光/近红外的6个波段影像中选取512×512子区并保存： 利用Basic Tools/Resize Data,弹出Standard格式的数据，点击Spatial Subset,弹出对话框，选择第1步生成的ENVI 对话框，然后选择Image，弹出如下对话框：和lines后输入512，连续点击OK，最后在输出路径和名字，点击OK即可生成裁剪的图。 ，选择自己感兴趣的地方，并在samples对话框中，利用choose选择结果与分析 （1）影像的基本信息： 查看ENVI Standard格式数据（即经过转化后的数据）的信息： 宽、高、层数和储存形式: 8031 x 7151 x 6 [BSQ]，大小：344,578,086 bytes，文件类型 : ENVI Standard，投影 : UTM, Zone 48 North，分辨率: 30 Meters，基准面（datum）: WGS-84。 直方图信息： conferences, learned superiors policies; reports, you can learn to deal with problems, art, just wanted to learn, to learn at any time. To continuously expand the scope of the study. The complexity and comprehensiveness of our work, decided to not only do we want to be \ssionals\or if \dabble in different areas of knowledge. Mastery of knowledge not only to have knowledge to rational analysis. This on requirements we, not only to learning national of route, and approach, and policy, also to learning national of legal, and regulations; not only to with political theory armed mind, also to with economic theory guide work; not only to read history, also to read history; not only to absorption SM of mirror, also to gets is of road; not only to from local learn, also to to outside learn; not only to to books learn, also to field study learn. Therefore, I would encourage you, and more to the outside world when I have time to take a look at, take a stroll, outside developments, learn other people's development approach, and then come back to guide our work. Second, we must think. \ning without thought to overshadow, thinking without learning is perilous.\ant to foster the character of advancing with the times, forge ahead, often reflect themselves in adapting to the new situation on whether there are delays, have anything to fear in the reform and innovation, whether in terms of accelerating the development of a relaxation, keep promising State of mind. In order to do investigations, investigations is the road to heaven, God disposes of the base. To wants to real heard truth, and justice to truth, and get truth, received effectiveness, on must in-depth actual, and outreach, and in-depth masses, worship masses for Division, and masses heart, with masses with discussion everyone care of problem, listening they of calls, understand they of mood, feel they of suffering, summary they of experience, concentrated they of wisdom, especially on masses mosthope, and most urgent, and most worries, and most complained of hot, and difficulties and focus problem, more to active research, caught not put. Dare to innovate, in our work, often remain \d way doesn't work, the new approach would not\situation, the reason, the key is that many people know that copying other people's ideas, mechanically, using someone else's old ways. To change this predicament, requires us to break the shackles of traditional concepts to overcome conservative, conformist, good at finding new problems and to accept new things, summarize new experience, new ideas, developing new programmes and Maverick, a new approach to solve problems, speed up development. Especially in implement superior policy spirit of process in the, both implementation, and cannot mechanically, to to extraordinary of courage and develop enterprising of spirit, put flexibility and principle combined up, put superior of spirit and local reality combined up, ong conspiracy to breakthrough of policy, and exercise innovation of lift, developed out development works of, and grass-roots welcomes of difficult, not hating; blueprints, not rhetoric; words and simple, but full of love, truth, passion, entrepreneurial passion. Take this opportunity, my inspirational quotes Li Dazhao's classic \specialise in uplifting blend with the article\with a view on how to do well under the new situation of township and village leaders inspire and help, and also share with you. A good play to create iron shoulders strong arms, to assume the burden be passed; only specific qualities, will it be possible in specific areas to create a world. In my view, village chiefs in the new situation, we must first have five basic quality. One ambition is to pioneer. \handsome.\h-minded can stimulate the flow of momentum to become brave and persistent, become quiet and powerful. Township and village party \hin their respective jurisdictions, political stability and economic and social development issues, decisions and orientation depends to a large extent because of your. Everybody in village chiefs and the positions, both the trust of the masses, the Organization's trust, more ability to you, fully affirmed the moral and other qualities. Therefore, we must always maintain the historical mission and social responsibility, and our ideal tree rooted in the hard work of the soil, with indomitable spirit, indomitable courage to open up a new situation of villages and towns. To have a feeling of closeness to the second. \people and country.\Our business foundation in the people's blood in the people power people. Advanced decisions of the party cadres to the feelings of the people is an eternal theme. Fan Zhong-yan, called \bout others\heng Banqiao's also wrote a \a Chai lay listening to the rustling of bamboo, the suspect is suffering. Cao County officials, little my, a total turn off. \l official even has so feelings, alone we is to\ng \s of people servant does? we more should always hold with on people of deep feelings, heart Department masses of leading visited tea, care masses of emotions thoughts complained, always insisted put masses of interests put in first, consciously from itself do up, from small do up, from masses mostcare, and most directly, and most reality of interests problem grabbed, real do love for people by Department, and right for people by with, and Lee for people by conspiracy to. Three with the fame of mind. \-indifferent not insist your dream, without serenity not go far.\nsion to fame is morality, is the sublimation of the soul. As Township and village, be sure to maintain a normal state of mind, establish a correct viewpoint on power, position and values and Outlook, as fame is light like water, depending ... 50 km, also red and like hundreds of thousands of the KMT military combat, but he went on to collect a variety of newspapers and magazines, and then race against time to pore over. As long as the study of mind, it is not necessary to come to the library, workshops, into the villages, people learned farming techniques, problem-solving methods, participation in （2）用4、3、2和7、4、2波段合成同种地物的颜色对比很大，列表对比： （1）4、3、2波段合成 （2）7、4、2波段合成 地物河流水库城镇居民地农村居民地裸地草地云公路耕地4、3、2波段组合浅灰蓝色灰黑色深灰蓝色灰白色浅灰褐色深红色白色灰白色亮红色7、4、2波段组合蓝色深蓝色蓝紫色浅肉红色深肉红色亮绿色白色浅肉红色浅绿色 （3）针对耕地、城镇、公路、水库、河流、裸地六种地物的光谱剖面图，如下所示： 光谱剖面140120100806040200123456farmlandtownroadreservoirstreambarren land 公路和城镇的光谱曲线比较像，都是DN值在1波段比较高，到2波段时下降，然后一直保持到4波段，在5波段有一个峰值。一方面可能是公路和城镇中建筑物所用的材料一样，导致两种地物的光谱特征比较相像，另一方面，道路分布在城镇中，覆盖面积比较少，其光谱反射率很有可能受到建筑物的影响。补充：采样时，很难辨认道路，也有可能将建筑物误认为是道路进行了采样。 水库的光谱特征曲线呈现出与清澈水体基本一样的光谱变化特征，在可见光范围内，DN值最高，随着波长的增大，DN逐渐降低，到近红外波段时，基本为零，说明水库的水体较为清澈。河流的光谱特征曲线与可见光范围较水库的高，可能原因是，河流中携带有泥沙，致使可见光穿透率减弱，反射能力加强。河流的DN值在第三波段达到最大，可能是因为水质发生变化所引起的（有待进一步的调查）。 耕地和裸地的光谱特征曲线比较像，在DN值在1波段较高，到2波段降低，从2波conferences, learned superiors policies; reports, you can learn to deal with problems, art, just wanted to learn, to learn at any time. To continuously expand the scope of the study. The complexity and comprehensiveness of our work, decided to not only do we want to be \ssionals\or if \dabble in different areas of knowledge. Mastery of knowledge not only to have knowledge to rational analysis. This on requirements we, not only to learning national of route, and approach, and policy, also to learning national of legal, and regulations; not only to with political theory armed mind, also to with economic theory guide work; not only to read history, also to read history; not only to absorption SM of mirror, also to gets is of road; not only to from local learn, also to to outside learn; not only to to books learn, also to field study learn. Therefore, I would encourage you, and more to the outside world when I have time to take a look at, take a stroll, outside developments, learn other people's development approach, and then come back to guide our work. Second, we must think. \ning without thought to overshadow, thinking without learning is perilous.\ant to foster the character of advancing with the times, forge ahead, often reflect themselves in adapting to the new situation on whether there are delays, have anything to fear in the reform and innovation, whether in terms of accelerating the development of a relaxation, keep promising State of mind. In order to do investigations, investigations is the road to heaven, God disposes of the base. To wants to real heard truth, and justice to truth, and get truth, received effectiveness, on must in-depth actual, and outreach, and in-depth masses, worship masses for Division, and masses heart, with masses with discussion everyone care of problem, listening they of calls, understand they of mood, feel they of suffering, summary they of experience, concentrated they of wisdom, especially on masses mosthope, and most urgent, and most worries, and most complained of hot, and difficulties and focus problem, more to active research, caught not put. Dare to innovate, in our work, often remain \d way doesn't work, the new approach would not%uation, the reason, the key is that many people know that copying other people's ideas, mechanically, using someone else's old ways. To change this predicament, requires us to break the shackles of traditional concepts to overcome conservative, conformist, good at finding new problems and to accept new things, summarize new experience, new ideas, developing new programmes and Maverick, a new approach to solve problems, speed up development. Especially in implement superior policy spirit of process in the, both implementation, and cannot mechanically, to to extraordinary of courage and develop enterprising of spirit, put flexibility and principle combined up, put superior of spirit and local reality combined up, ong conspiracy to breakthrough of policy, and exercise innovation of lift, developed out development works of, and grass-roots welcomes of 平均DN值