圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台第2章美国历史I.ExplainthefollowinginEnglish:1.TheBostonTeaParty【答案】(1)IntheyearsfollowingtheFrenchandIndianWar,Britishgovernmentenforcedseveralactswhichwerebitterlyopposedbycolonists.(2)Inordertoeasetensions,Britishgovernmentremovedallthenewtaxesexceptthatontea.(3)In1773,agroupofpatriotsrespondedtotheteataxbystagingtheBostonTeaParty:DisguisedasIndians,theyboardedBritishmerchantshipsandtossed342cratesofteaintoBostonharbor.(4)Britishparliamentthenpassedthe“IntolerableActs”,andinresponsetothistheFirstContinentalCongresswasheldinSeptember1774.2.TheDeclarationofIndependence【答案】(1)ThephilosophybehindtheRevolutionwasmostclearlyexplainedbytheDeclarationofIndependence.(2)Itheldthatmenhaveanaturalrightto“Life,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness”;thatgovernmentscanruleonlywith“theconsentofthegoverned”;thatanygovernmentmaybedissolvedwhenitfailstoprotecttherightsofthepeople.(3)ThistheoryofpoliticscamefromtheBritishphilosopherJohnLocke,andit1/23圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台iscentraltotheAnglo-Saxonpoliticaltradition.3.TheAlienandSeditionActs【答案】(1)DuringJohnAdams’administration,theUSwasinvolvedinanundeclarednavalwarwithFrance.Inanatmosphereofwarhysteria,theCongresspassedtheAlienandSeditionActsin1798.(2)Thesemeasurespermittedthedeportationorarrestof“dangerous”aliens,andprescribedfinesorimprisonmentforpublishingattacksonthegovernment.(3)TenRepublicaneditorswereconvictedundertheseacts.(4)TherepressionoccurredundertheAlienandSeditionActsendedin1801withThomasJeffersonbecomingthepresident.4.TheIndustrialRevolutioninAmerica【答案】(1)AftertheWarof1812,theUnitedStatesenjoyedaperiodofrapideconomicexpansion.TheIndustrialRevolutionhadreachedAmerica.(2)Anationalnetworkofroadsandcanalswasbuilt,andthefirststeamrailroadopenedinBaltimorein1830.(3)ThereweretextilemillsinNewEngland;ironfoundriesinPennsylvania.Andbythe1850s,factorieswereproducingvariousgoods.5.GeorgeWashington【答案】(1)HewasaVirginiaplanterandveteranoftheFrenchandIndianWar.2/23圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台(2)In1775,hebecamethecommanderoftheContinentalArmyintheAmericanWarofIndependence.(3)HewasoneofthethreedelegateswhodraftedtheConstitutionintheConstitutionalConventionin1787.(4)HewasthefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStatesandgovernedinaFederaliststyle.Heputdownthe“WhiskeyRebellion”duringhisadministration.6.ThomasJefferson【答案】(1)HewasaVirginialawyerandauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependence.(2)HespokeagainsttheoperationoftheAlienandSeditionActsandendedtherepressionundertheseactsin1801,whenhewaselectedpresident.(3)AsaRepublicanpresident,heexercisedhispowervigorously.HepurchasedLouisianaterritoryfromFrancein1803.7.AndrewJackson【答案】(1)HewasthefirstmanbornintoapoorfamilyandbornintheWesttobeelectedpresidentin1828.(2)HeandhisDemocraticpartypromotedpopulardemocracyandappealedtothehumblemembersofsociety.Herewardedinexperiencedbutloyalsupporterswithgovernmentjobs.(3)HebrokethepoweroftheBankoftheUnitedStates.(4)HemadelandavailabletowesternsettlersbyforcingIndiantribestomove3/23圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台westoftheMississippi.8.TheCivilWar【答案】(1)In19th-centuryAmerica,theissueofslaveryhadbecomethecentralpointofcontentioninpolitics,economicsandculturallife.(2)AfterLincolnwontheelectionin1861,11SouthernandborderstatessecededfromtheUnionandformedtheConfederateStatesofAmerica.TheAmericanCivilWarbegan.(3)LincolnissuedtheEmancipationProclamationonJanuary1,1863.SouthernGeneralLeesurrenderedtoGeneralGrantinApril1865andallotherConfederateforcessoonsurrendered.LincolnwasassassinatedonApril14,1865.(4)TheCivilWarwasthemosttraumaticepisodeinAmericanhistory.ItdevastatedtheSouthandsubjectedthatregiontomilitaryoccupation.Americalostmoresoldiersinthiswarthaninanyother.(5)Thewarresolvedtwofundamentalquestions.Itputanendtoslavery,whichwaslegallyabolishedbythe13thAmendmenttotheConstitutionin1865.ItalsoassuredtheintegrityoftheUnitedStatesasanindivisiblenation.9.Reconstruction【答案】(1)AftertheCivilWar,theUSCongressputforwardtheprogramofReconstruction,orreform,oftheSouthernstates.(2)TheprogramwasbitterlyopposedbymostSouthernwhites.4/23圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台(3)Itendedin1877,whennewconstitutionshadbeenratifiedinallSouthernstatesandallfederaltroopswerewithdrawnfromthesouth.10.Cowboys【答案】(1)DuringtheWestwardMovement,cowboys,orhiredhorsemenmanagedcattleontheplainsofTexasandotherwesternstates.(2)MostofthemwereformerSouthernsoldiersorformerslaves.(3)TheywereAmerica’sproletarianheroes,andwerenotasviolentasmovieslaterrepresentedthemtobe.(4)TheyhadbecomemostcelebratedandromanticizedfiguresinAmericanculture.11.The“RedScare”【答案】(1)TheresultsofWWIhaddisillusionedmanyAmericans.Theybecamesuspiciousofandhostiletowardforeigners.In1919,aseriesofterroristbombingsstartedtheRedScare.(2)UnderAttorneyGeneralPalmer,raidsofpoliticalmeetingswereconducted,arrestsweremadeandmanyforeign-bornpoliticalradicalsweredeported.In1921,twoItaliananarchistswereexecutedasmurderersonverydubiousevidence.(3)In1921,1924and1929,CongressenactedandtightenedimmigrationlimitsfavoringonlyimmigrantsfromAnglo-SaxonandNordicstock.5/23
朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》课后习题详解(美国文化 美国历史)【圣才出品】
