stressed that promoting the comprehensive revitalization should focus on economic construction as the central focus with, pay special attention to grasp the implementation of five development concepts, deepening reform and promoting the all-round opening up, ensuring and improving people's livelihood, strengthen the construction of ecological civilization, \s\development mix. To with new development concept measure work, and command action, and training cadres, in implement implementation new development concept in the looking for opportunities, and build highlights, and expand advantage; to full deepening reform, break bound the aspects created vitality of system mechanism obstacles; to active advance full aspects opening, participation \he cast Russian Economic Corridor\o guarantees and improved livelihood, strongly won poverty battle; to strengthening ecological civilization construction, for sustainable development reserved space, for future generations left sky blue, and to green, and water clear of better homes. We must in-depth implement implementation new development concept, insisted to economic construction for Center, firmly caughtdevelopment this first priority, absorbed make construction, heart no distractions caught development, speed up development \, in-depth implementation \big engineering\o big environment\of a article quality more high, and benefits better, and structure more excellent of transformation development of road. To strengthen ecological construction. On March 22, the deep restructuring examined and adopted the opinion on perfecting compensation mechanism of ecological protection, proposed to explore the establishment of diversified ecological compensation mechanism, progressive realization of forests, grasslands, wetlands and other areas of focus and key ecological function and other important regional ecological compensation coverage, the ecological advantages of the region will be further highlighted. We need to go green eco-building, as the essential policy, in strict accordance with the State of main function region construction requirements, careful implementation and Xiaoxing ' an mountains forest ecological protection and economic restructuring plan for the construction of sky blue, ... Acts prohibited by picking up the remaining wells in standing timber. To focus on forest resource conservation, increase the acquisition and supervision of cold storage, no buy fruit, encourage support to leading enterprises, workers ' cooperatives as a unit, the contract management of forest resources, the rational protection and utilization of resources. To work actively towards policy aimd from the level of the State Forestry Administration formulated regulations to protect forest resources as soon as possible to achieve law and regulation to protect forest resources. Should focus on forest fire prevention. Fire safety is the first priority１）Ra：轮廓算术平均偏差 ２）Ry：微观不平度十点高度 ３）Rz：轮廓最大高度
一般常用高度参数Ra，在表面粗糙度代号标注时也可以省略Ra。如采用其他两项评定参数时，必须注明Rz或Ry Ra一般用电动轮廓仪进行测量。
由于Ra的概念较直观，反映轮廓的信息量多所以应用较为广泛。 Ra常用参数值范围0.025~6.3μm。 （2）表面粗糙度符号及其意义 表1 表面粗糙度
3.2
表示用加工面，其Ra值不得大于3.2um，由于推荐优先使用参数Ra，
故“Ra”不注出。这是最常用的符号。
6.3 表示用加工面，其Ra值必须在3.2-6.3 um之间，一般很少用这样的3.2 标注。一般只规定最大的允许值。
1.6 表示用不去除材料方法获得的表面，即非加工表面，如铸锻表面等，
其Ra值不大于1.6um.
25 用任何方法获得的表面，Ra值不得大于25
（3）表面粗糙度代[符]号法
the first responsibility of the forest, 26th spring area has fully deployed to the fire, has now entered the fire, we have to be on duty, and defend. Determined to overcome paralysis, must not \he past, the reduced requirements during the period. To apply strictly the party with the responsibility, must shoulder the responsibility of the Party Secretary in particular, really practice pipes, it can never shuaishouzhanggui, be sure to layer the implementation falls fire responsibility, to ensure that no major forest fires. o adhere to balanced, correctly handle the relationship between fire and project construction, industrial development, to \o speed up the development of six major industries. Promote development in our region, the key is to give full play to resource advantage to build eco-oriented \create the new engine of economic growth. Firm confidence. Practice has proved that the \central and provincial requirements, and meet the actual da hinggan mountains, through active efforts have been showing a strong momentum of development. So, in the \development, we must be firm in faith, go all out, perseverance, one caughtin the end, convinced that Castle is not relaxed, does not reach the target will never give up. Should focus on industrial projects. Project is to accelerate the industrial development of important support and backing. Industrial project construction, my area there are few in number, small size, low level problems. This year, the project as his party has \have to work hard to project construction. Especially effective during short, catching project shall not, slow, dragging not allowed. All localities should conscientiously implement the project leadership system, timetable, roadmap, and coordinate services, tracking the whole process forward, inverted durations, speeding up progress and seek practical results. Poised to break the project build Set challenges, to accelerate the pace of preliminary formalities, the enterprises have difficulties to pull one way and also help in a timely manner to help businesses market, enhance confidence, urging work as soon as possible. To strengthen the project analysis, proper risk analysiand improve project success rates. (Specific to the XX, we still want to make good use of agricultural advantages, relying on the upper reaches of the forest in the fresh air and XXX pure wateand other resources, create high-quality, high-grade green food brands, truly reflect the original character. Meanwhile, adhere to the project as the breakthrough to promote economic development around the \cial attention to forming projects, dig potential projects, focus on key projects, actively cultivating the new leading industries and new sources of economic growth). To promote investment. More accurate professional business, and based my industrial base and resources, aimed at national industrial layoutstressed that promoting the comprehensive revitalization should focus on economic construction as the central focus with, pay special attention to grasp the implementation of five development concepts, deepening reform and promoting the all-round opening up, ensuring and improving people's livelihood, strengthen the construction of ecological civilization, \s\development mix. To with new development concept measure work, and command action, and training cadres, in implement implementation new development concept in the looking for opportunities, and build highlights, and expand advantage; to full deepening reform, break bound the aspects created vitality of system mechanism obstacles; to active advance full aspects opening, participation \he cast Russian Economic Corridor\o guarantees and improved livelihood, strongly won poverty battle; to strengthening ecological civilization construction, for sustainable development reserved space, for future generations left sky blue, and to green, and water clear of better homes. We must in-depth implement implementation new development concept, insisted to economic construction for Center, firmly caughtdevelopment this first priority, absorbed make construction, heart no distractions caught development, speed up development \-depth implementation \big engineering\o big environment\of a article quality more high, and benefits better, and structure more excellent of transformation development of road. To strengthen ecological construction. On March 22, the deep restructuring examined and adopted the opinion on perfecting compensation mechanism of ecological protection, proposed to explore the establishment of diversified ecological compensation mechanism, progressive realization of forests, grasslands, wetlands and other areas of focus and key ecological function and other important regional ecological compensation coverage, the ecological advantages of the region will be further highlighted. We need to go green eco-building, as the essential policy, in strict accordance with the State of main function region construction requirements, careful implementation and Xiaoxing ' an mountains forest ecological protection and economic restructuring plan for the construction of sky blue, ... Acts prohibited by picking up the remaining wells in standing timber. To focus on forest resource conservation, increase the acquisition and supervision of cold storage, no buy fruit, encourage support to leading enterprises, workers ' cooperatives as a unit, the contract management of forest resources, the rational protection and utilization of resources. To work actively towards policy aimed from the level of the State Forestry Administration formulated regulations to protect forest resources as soon as possible to achieve law and regulation to protect forest resources. Should focus on forest fire prevention. Fire safety is the first priority
（3）表面粗糙度标注
1）表面粗糙度代[符]号应注在图样的轮廓线，尺寸界限或其延长线上，必要时可注在指引线上。符号的尖端必须从材料外指向该表面。
2）在同一图样上，每一表面一般只标注一次代号或符号。为便于看图，一般标注在有关尺寸附近。
3）当零件的所有表面具有相同的表面粗糙度时，可在图样的右上角统一标注，如下图所示 。
the first responsibility of the forest, 26th spring area has fully deployed to the fire, has now entered the fire, we have to be on duty, and defend. Determined to overcome paralysis, must not \he past, the reduced requirements during the period. To apply strictly the party with the responsibility, must shoulder the responsibility of the Party Secretary in particular, really practice pipes, it can never shuaishouzhanggui, be sure to layer the implemntation falls fire responsibility, to ensure that no major forest fires. o adhere to balanced, correctly handle the relationship between fire and project construction, industrial development, to \o speed up the development of six major industries. Promote development in our region, the key is to give full play to resource advantage to build eco-oriented \create the new engine of economic growth. Firm confidence. Practice has proved that the \central and provincial requirements, and meet the actual da hinggan mountains, through active efforts have been showing a strong momentum of development. So, in the \development, we must be firm in faith, go all out, perseverance, one caughtin the end, convinced that Castle is not relaxed, does not reach the target will never give up. Should focus on industrial projects. Project is to accelerate the industrial development of important support and backing. Industrial project construction, my area there are few in number, small size, low level problems. This year, the project as his party has \have to work hard to project construction. Especially effective during short, catching project shall not, slow, dragging not allowed. All localities should conscientiously implement the project leadership system, timetable, roadmap, and coordinate services, tracking the whole process forward, inverted durations, speeding up progress and seek practical results. Poised to break the project build Set challenges, to accelerate the pace of preliminary formalities, the enterprises have difficulties to pull one way and also help in a timely manner to help businesses market, enhance confidence, urging work as soon as possible. To strengthen the project analysis, proper risk analysis and improve project success rates. (Specific to the XX, we still want to make good use of agricultural advantages, relying on the upper reaches of the forest in the fresh air and XXX pure wateand other resources, create high-quality, high-grade green food brands, truly reflect the original character. Meanwhile, adhere to the project as the breakthrough to promote economic development around the \cial attention to forming projects, dig potential projects, focus on key projects, actively cultivating the new leading industries and new sources of economic growth). To promote investment. More accurate professional business, and based my industrial base and resources, aimed at national industrial layoutstressed that promoting the comprehensive revitalization should focus on economic construction as the central focus with, pay special attention to grasp the implementation of five development concepts, deepening reform and promoting the all-round opening up, ensuring and improving people's livelihood, strengthen the construction of ecological civilization, \s\development mix. To with new development concept measure work, and command action, and training cadres, in implement implementation new development concept in the looking for opportunities, and build highlights, and expand advantage; to full deepening reform, break bound the aspects created vitality of system mechanism obstacles; to active advance full aspects opening, participation \he cast Russian Economic Corridor\o guarantees and improved livelihood, strongly won poverty battle; to strengthening ecological civilization construction, for sustainable development reserved space, for future generations left sky blue, and to green, and water clear of better homes. We must in-depth implement implementation new development concept, insisted to economic construction for Center, firmly caughtdevelopment this first priority, absorbed make construction, heart no distractions caught development, speed up development \, in-depth implementation \big engineering\o big environment\of a article quality more high, and benefits better, and structure more excellent of transformation development of road. To strengthen ecological construction. On March 22, the deep restructuring examined and adopted the opinion on perfecting compensation mechanism of ecological protection, proposed to explore the establishment of diversified ecological compensation mechanism, progressive realization of forests, grasslands, wetlands and other areas of focus and key ecological function and other important regional ecological compensation coverage, the ecological advantages of the region will be further highlighted. We need to go green eco-building, as the essential policy, in strict accordance with the State of main function region construction requirements, careful implementation and Xiaoxing ' an mountains forest ecological protection and economic restructuring plan for the construction of sky blue, ... Acts prohibited by picking up the remaining wells in standing timber. To focus on forest resource conservation, increase the acquisition and supervision of cold storage, no buy fruit, encourage support to leading enterprises, workers ' cooperatives as a unit, the contract management of forest resources, the rational protection and utilization of resources. To work actively towards policy aimd from the level of the State Forestry Administration formulated regulations to protect forest resources as soon as possible to achieve law and regulation to protect forest resources. Should focus on forest fire prevention. Fire safety is the first priority6.36.3
4）当零件的大部分表面具有相同的粗糙度要求时，可以将使用最多的一种符号或代号统一标注在图样的右上角，并加注“其余”两字。
5）对于连续表面或重复要素表面，以及用细实现相连的不连续的统一表面，只需标注一次粗糙度代号。
抛光6.36.31.66.3
6）在同一表面上如要求不同的粗糙度时，应用细实线画出两个不同要求部分的分界线。
the first responsibility of the forest, 26th spring area has fully deployed to the fire, has now entered the fire, we have to be on duty, and defend. Determined to overcome paralysis, must not \he past, the reduced requirements during the period. To apply strictly the party with the responsibility, must shoulder the responsibility of the Party Secretary in particular, really practice pipes, it can never shuaishouzhanggui, be sure to layer the implementation falls fire responsibility, to ensure that no major forest fires. o adhere to balanced, correctly handle the relationship between fire and project construction, industrial development, to \o speed up the development of six major industries. Promote development in our region, the key is to give full play to resource advantage to build eco-oriented \create the new engine of economic growth. Firm confidence. Practice has proved that the \central and provincial requirements, and meet the actual da hinggan mountains, through active efforts have been showing a strong momentum of development. So, in the \development, we must be firm in faith, go all out, perseverance, one caughtin the end, convinced that Castle is not relaxed, does not reach the target will never give up. Should focus on industrial projects. Project is to accelerate the industrial development of important support and backing. Industrial project construction, my area there are few in number, small size, low level problems. This year, the project as his party has \have to work hard to project construction. Especially effective during short, catching project shall not, slow, dragging not allowed. All localities should conscientiously implement the project leadership system, timetable, roadmap, and coordinate services, tracking the whole process forward, inverted durations, speeding up progress and seek practical results. Poised to break the project build Set challenges, to accelerate the pace of preliminary formalities, the enterprises have difficulties to pull one way and also help in a timely manner to help businesses market, enhance confidence, urging work as soon as possible. To strengthen the project analysis, proper risk analysiand improve project success rates. (Specific to the XX, we still want to make good use of agricultural advantages, relying on the upper reaches of the forest in the fresh air and XXX pure wateand other resources, create high-quality, high-grade green food brands, truly reflect the original character. Meanwhile, adhere to the project as the breakthrough to promote economic development around the \cial attention to forming projects, dig potential projects, focus on key projects, actively cultivating the new leading industries and new sources of economic growth). To promote investment. More accurate professional business, and based my industrial base and resources, aimed at national industrial layoutstressed that promoting the comprehensive revitalization should focus on economic construction as the central focus with, pay special attention to grasp the implementation of five development concepts, deepening reform and promoting the all-round opening up, ensuring and improving people's livelihood, strengthen the construction of ecological civilization, \s\development mix. To with new development concept measure work, and command action, and training cadres, in implement implementation new development concept in the looking for opportunities, and build highlights, and expand advantage; to full deepening reform, break bound the aspects created vitality of system mechanism obstacles; to active advance full aspects opening, participation \he cast Russian Economic Corridor\o guarantees and improved livelihood, strongly won poverty battle; to strengthening ecological civilization construction, for sustainable development reserved space, for future generations left sky blue, and to green, and water clear of better homes. We must in-depth implement implementation new development concept, insisted to economic construction for Center, firmly caughtdevelopment this first priority, absorbed make construction, heart no distractions caught development, speed up development \-depth implementation \big engineering\o big environment\of a article quality more high, and benefits better, and structure more excellent of transformation development of road. To strengthen ecological construction. On March 22, the deep restructuring examined and adopted the opinion on perfecting compensation mechanism of ecological protection, proposed to explore the establishment of diversified ecological compensation mechanism, progressive realization of forests, grasslands, wetlands and other areas of focus and key ecological function and other important regional ecological compensation coverage, the ecological advantages of the region will be further highlighted. We need to go green eco-building, as the essential policy, in strict accordance with the State of main function region construction requirements, careful implementation and Xiaoxing ' an mountains forest ecological protection and economic restructuring plan for the construction of sky blue, ... Acts prohibited by picking up the remaining wells in standing timber. To focus on forest resource conservation, increase the acquisition and supervision of cold storage, no buy fruit, encourage support to leading enterprises, workers ' cooperatives as a unit, the contract management of forest resources, the rational protection and utilization of resources. To work actively towards policy aimed from the level of the State Forestry Administration formulated regulations to protect forest resources as soon as possible to achieve law and regulation to protect forest resources. Should focus on forest fire prevention. Fire safety is the first priority0.83.2
4.其他技术要求
零件图中出了对零件制造提出尺寸公差、表面粗糙度、形状和位置公差等技术要求外，还给出了零件的材料、表面硬度以及热处理等方面的要求。 三、识读零件图的基本步骤
看图的基本步骤是：看标题栏、分析图形、分析尺寸和看技术要求。 1.看标题栏 通过标题栏可以知道零件的名称、比例、材料以及加工方法等。 2.分析图形 先看主视图，再联系其他视图，分析图中剖视、剖面及重要部位等，可以想象出零件的结构形状。
3.分析尺寸 对零件的基本结构了解清楚后，在分析零件的尺寸。首先确定零件各部分结构形状的大小尺寸，再确定各部分结构之间的位置尺寸，最后分析零件的总体尺寸。同时分析零件长、宽、高三个方向的尺寸基准。找出图中的重要尺寸和主要定位尺寸。
4.看技术要求 对图中出现的各项技术要求，如尺寸公差、表面粗糙度、形状和位置公差以及热处理等加工方面的要求，要逐个进行分析和了解。
the first responsibility of the forest, 26th spring area has fully deployed to the fire, has now entered the fire, we have to be on duty, and defend. Determined to overcome paralysis, must not \he past, the reduced requirements during the period. To apply strictly the party with the responsibility, must shoulder the responsibility of the Party Secretary in particular, really practice pipes, it can never shuaishouzhanggui, be sure to layer the implemntation falls fire responsibility, to ensure that no major forest fires. o adhere to balanced, correctly handle the relationship between fire and project construction, industrial development, to \o speed up the development of six major industries. Promote development in our region, the key is to give full play to resource advantage to build eco-oriented \create the new engine of economic growth. Firm confidence. Practice has proved that the \central and provincial requirements, and meet the actual da hinggan mountains, through active efforts have been showing a strong momentum of development. So, in the \development, we must be firm in faith, go all out, perseverance, one caughtin the end, convinced that Castle is not relaxed, does not reach the target will never give up. Should focus on industrial projects. Project is to accelerate the industrial development of important support and backing. Industrial project construction, my area there are few in number, small size, low level problems. This year, the project as his party has \have to work hard to project construction. Especially effective during short, catching project shall not, slow, dragging not allowed. All localities should conscientiously implement the project leadership system, timetable, roadmap, and coordinate services, tracking the whole process forward, inverted durations, speeding up progress and seek practical results. Poised to break the project build Set challenges, to accelerate the pace of preliminary formalities, the enterprises have difficulties to pull one way and also help in a timely manner to help businesses market, enhance confidence, urging work as soon as possible. To strengthen the project analysis, proper risk analysis and improve project success rates. (Specific to the XX, we still want to make good use of agricultural advantages, relying on the upper reaches of the forest in the fresh air and XXX pure wateand other resources, create high-quality, high-grade green food brands, truly reflect the original character. Meanwhile, adhere to the project as the breakthrough to promote economic development around the \cial attention to forming projects, dig potential projects, focus on key projects, actively cultivating the new leading industries and new sources of economic growth). To promote investment. More accurate professional business, and based my industrial base and resources, aimed at national industrial layout
(完整版)机械制图识图基本知识
