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论特殊防卫在司法实践中的具体适用--以河北涞源反杀案为例

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目 录

摘 要 .................................................................................................................... I Abstract...................................................................................................................... II 引 言 ................................................................................................................... 1 1河北涞源反杀案概述 ............................................................................................ 2

1.1 案情介绍 ...................................................................................................... 3 1.2 案件认定 ...................................................................................................... 4 1.3 争议焦点 ...................................................................................................... 4 2特殊防卫成立条件概述 ........................................................................................ 6

2.1 特殊防卫的特征 .......................................................................................... 6 2.2 刑法第20条第1、2、3款之间关系 ........................................................ 7 3特殊防卫制度在司法实践中的困境 .................................................................... 9

3.1 司法认定中特殊防卫存在误区 .................................................................. 9 3.2 特殊防卫设置不尽合理 ............................................................................ 10 4关于完善特殊防卫制度的建议 .......................................................................... 12

4.1 人民检察院加大检察力度 ........................................................................ 12 4.2 人民法院完善审判监督制度 .................................................................... 12 4.3 完善正当防卫认定标准 ............................................................................ 13 4.4 司法工作人员提高自身判断能力 ............................................................ 14 结 论 ................................................................................................................. 15 参考文献 ................................................................................................................. 16 致 谢 ................................................................................................................. 18

本科论文

摘 要

众所周知,《刑法》第20条对正当防卫和特殊防卫的设立的是为了保障公民人身安全、维护社会治安稳定、促进社会和谐发展。另外,其也在严厉打击暴力犯罪,维护法律权威、保障国家利益等方面也发挥了重要作用。但如何准确的适用特殊正当防卫制度来断案却是刑法学界公认的难题之一,并且直到现在也没有实现关于特殊正当防卫观点的统一。以至于在我国的司法实践中,许多的司法工作人员对其态度始终小心翼翼,尽量避免出现错误适用的情况,使该制度在很多时候都处于一种被束之高阁的状态。近段时间以来,关于能否被判为正当防卫和特殊防卫的的案件接连发生,特别是“河北涞源反杀案”的发生,不仅使正当防卫制度重新回到公众视野,也让公众对特殊防卫制度有了一定的了解。

本文的写作目的是根据特殊防卫在司法实践中所遇到的障碍进行分析并提出相关的策略。本文通过分析“河北涞源反杀案”的案件事实,结合案件处理结果,在分析案件构成要件的基础上,针对特殊正当防卫的时间限度和防卫限度结合案情分析阐述,明确特殊防卫的成立条件。最后,在根据“行为无价值论”和“结果无价值论”二元论的基础上,结合司法实践中关于特殊防卫制度具体适用中所遇到的问题,给出本文的观点及建议。

关键词:特殊防卫; 防卫过当; 适用限度; 司法认定

本科论文

Abstract

As is known to all, there exist an article number 20 in China’s Criminal Law stipulating legitimate defense and special defense in order to guarantee the safety of citizens and maintain social security and stability, contributing to the harmonious development of society. Besides, it also plays an essential role in cracking down on violent crimes, maintaining the authority of law and safeguarding the interests of the state. However, it has been a universally acknowledged difficulty among the scholars concerning criminal law to settle a lawsuit by applying an accurate and appropriate special self-defense system. And up to now, there isn’t any unified view on special defense. So in China's judicial practice, many judicial personnel have always been cautious about special defense, trying to avoid any misapplication, so that the system may be put on the shelf in many cases. In recent years, there are always controversies of whether a case can be judged as justifiable defense or special defense. Especially with the occurrence of the Laiyuan Murder Case in Hebei Province on July 11, 2018, not only the justifiable defense system has returned to the public vision, but also the public has some understanding of the special defense system.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the obstacles appearing in the judicial practice of special defense and put forward some strategic solutions accordingly. Based on the analysis of the facts of the Laiyuan Murder Case in Hebei Province and the results of the case, the components of the case are analyzed in this paper and the time limit and defense limit of the special self-defense are expounded combining with the details of the case, and then the establishment conditions of the special defense are clarified. Finally, on the basis of the dualism that includes the theory of conduct without value and the theory of consequence without value, it carries out an analysis on the the problems arising in the specific application of the special defense system in judicial practice. Some views and suggestions are further elaborated.

Keywords: special justifiable defence ; excessive defense ; necessary limit;

judicial cognizance

本科论文

引 言

众所周知,作为刑法学界重要研究课题之一的正当防卫制度,让许多的学者在其新意和深度上都取得了丰硕的理论成果,但是对正当防卫制度的学术观点却至今尚未达成一致。自1997 年《刑法》修正案中增加了有关于特殊正当防卫的规定,进一步说明特殊正当防卫的限度问题,尽量避免在司法实践的具体运用中,因为司法工作人员对防卫限度的认定范围过于狭隘,造成司法审判较为严苛的现象,从而破坏刑法的罪刑均衡和适用平等的原则,进一步宽泛关于正当防卫的适用原则。但令人遗憾的是,距离该修正案颁布已经过了20年之久,其在司法实践中的具体适用效果始终不能令人满意,这让正当防卫制度的根本目的并没有在实践中确切实现,也让司法实践中关于难以认定正当防卫的现状没有得到改变。

在2018年7月11日行凶人王某入室持刀砍人,却被防卫人反杀的“河北涞源反杀案”,再一次让特殊防卫进入公众视野,成为广大民众茶余饭后的谈资,激发了网友们对于特殊防卫案件的讨论。除此之外,再一次的激起法学理论界与司法实务界对于正当防卫制度和特殊防卫制度的适用范围的热烈讨论,如何区别二者的关系,准确的认定特殊防卫还有待商榷。

对于特殊防卫的认定需要结合与案件相关的整个案情以及案件的起因、经过、结果,进行客观综合的分析,绝不能够仅仅以结果片面的看待整个案情,在“行为无价值论”和“结果无价值论”两元论的基础上进行综合分析做出符合客观事实的判定。况且关于特殊防卫的认定需要多部门、多职能的相互配合,不能仅仅以刑事案件侦查部门或刑事案件起诉部门的片面之词作为定案的根据。特殊防卫的认定是一个多部门、多领域交融交叉、求同存异的系统性论证过程,是公安机关、检察机关和人民法院相互监督相互合作的一个过程,整个过程的任一时间都能够启动认定,且前一流程的结果对后一流程产生重要影响,但这个影响不是片面的,也绝不可能是结论性的影响。

然而,在遇到与特殊防卫相关的司法实践中,仍会出现“唯结果论”的错误做法,这种做法颠倒了对案件性质认定的因果,况且大部分司法工作人员不能在客观理性的前提下,对案件进行综合的了解,会在“唯结果

论特殊防卫在司法实践中的具体适用--以河北涞源反杀案为例

本科论文目录摘要....................................................................................................................IAbstract.............................
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