高考英语语法专题复习------定语从句
知识清单2015/ 9
一、定语从句基础知识(填空)
2.何为定语从句两个基本要素？ 先行词 和 关系词 即：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做 先行词 ；引导定语从句的词叫 关系词 。 3.定语从句分为两大类：
1） 限制性定语从句 ： 对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不用逗号隔开,也不能省略，否则句意就不完整。
2) 非限制性定语从句 ： 只是对先行词做补充说明,与先行词的关系也比较松散，常用逗号与主句隔开，如果省略, 原句意义仍然完整。 4.引导定语从句的关系词有哪些？
1）关系 代词 ：在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。
指代人： who , whom , that 指代事物： which , that , as 所属关系： whose , of which / of whom
2）关系 副词 ：在定语从句中充当状语，相当于介词＋ which 。 指地点： where 指时间： when 指原因： why
二、常见考点与难点归纳：
1.引导词that与which的选择：
总结1) 先行词有下列情况时,通常用关系代词 that ，不用 which 。 ① 先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词时; ② 先行词被all, any, every, no, some, little, much等词修饰时; ③ 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;
④先行词被the only, the very(正是,恰是)，the last修饰时;
⑤ 当先行词既有人又有物时； ⑥若主句中有疑问代词who, which时（为了避免重复）。 总结2）下列情况通常用关系代词 which ，不用 that ：
①引导非限定性定语从句且先行词是物，在定语从句中充当宾语时也不省略。 ②介词+关系词引导定语从句, 先行词为物时。
2.先行词为时间、地点、原因的名词时应注意的问题：
1) 先行词为时间、地点、原因的名词时，关系词在定语从句中作 状语 时，用when, where, why，相当于介词+which. 2) 先行词为时间、地点、原因的名词时，关系词在定语从句中作主语 、宾语 或表语 时，用that / which 。
3) 某些特殊先行词之后的where：
某些抽象地点名词如：stage, position, point, situation, case, condition, activity, celebration 等做先行词时，且在定语从句中充当状语，常用 where 引导，表示抽象化的地点，(相当于介词+which) 。例如：必修1 Unit 5 (P34)
①The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. ②We were put into a position in which (= where) we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.
3.介词+关系词：即 介词+ whom (指人) 和 介词+ which (指物) 介词如何选择：
1）看定语从句中动词或者形容词与介词的习惯搭配 What were the things about which he was not so sure? 2）根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词的习惯搭配 The speed at which you drive your car mustn’t be too high. 3）可以通过句子的整体含义,结合生活实际来判断
China has many rivers, of / among which the Yangtze River is the longest. 4.关系词as的用法: as既可以引导限制性定从，也可以引导非限制性定从，常用于以下情况： 1）先行词有such, the same修饰时，后面的定语从句常用as引导，as在从句中可充当主语，宾语，表语，表示“像……一样的…”。
① There is no such place as you dream of in this world. 世界上绝没有像你梦想的那样的地方。
②I have the same trouble __as you have. 我和你有同样的麻烦。 注意：the same … that… / the same…as… 的区别：
③This is the same pen that I lost. 这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支。
④ This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样。
2）在非限制性定语从句中，as常用于固定搭配。在此用法中, as所引导的定语从句可放在主句的句首、 句中、句末。如：
众所周知As is known to all / As we all know
综上所述As has been said / mentioned / described above
正如经常发生的那样；情况通常如此As often happens / As is often the case 如报纸所报道的As is reported in the newspaper
5.引导非限制性定语从句时，关系词as 跟which的区别：
as 意为“正如……”“正像……”, 可位于句首，句中，句末；which 意为“这” “这件事”，不能放句首。若关系词指代前面整句话，且位于主句之后，二者有时候可以互换。 The earth is round, which / as is known to us all. __As was natural, he married Jenny. 6.先行词为the way的定语从句：
先行词为the way，在定语从句中作状语，引导词用in which, that或不填。 I recognized he’s from Australia from the way in which/that/不填 he speaks. 7. 定语从句与其它复合句的区分: 1) 定语从句与同位语从句：
① We all have heard the news _that our team won.
② We don’t believe the news _(that / which)_ he told us yesterday. 2) 定语从句与状语从句：
① He left the key_where_ he had been an hour before. ② He left the place _where_ he lived for many years. ③ He is such a good teacher that we all like him.
④ He is such a good teacher as all of us love and respect. ⑤We’ll go where we are needed. 3) 定语从句与主语从句：
① _As_ is known to us all，paper was first made in China. ② _It_ is known to us all that paper was first made in China. 4) 定语从句与强调结构：
① It is the house _where_ I met the young man.
② It was in the house_that_ I met the young man.
综合练习
一、填空题（请用定语从句的相关知识填空，每空一词）：
1. Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat?
2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time. 3. Do you like the girl whose eyes are big?
4. He always comes late, which makes his teacher angry.
5. Have you seen the old lady whom / that / who a famous star is talking to? 6. His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago. 7. The last place that we visited was the Great Wall. 8. I saw some trees, the leaves of which were black with disease.
9. It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces. 10. This is the reason why he was put in prison.
11. The boy pointed to the direction in which he would run. 12. The man to / with whom you talked is my friend.
13. I bought many books yesterday, three of which are written by Lu Xun. 14. Is this museum the one where the exhibition was held?
15. Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference. 16. This is the factory where my father works?
17. This is the factory that /which we visited last week? 18. Pisa is a city, where there is a leaning tower.
19. He who _laughs_ (laugh) last laughs best. （ 谁笑到最后, 谁笑得最好。） 20. All _that_ glitters is not gold. （ 闪闪发光者，未必皆黄金。）
二、改错：（请用定语从句的相关知识改正下列句子，每句均有一处错误。）
1. His glasses, without that he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke its leg. (which) 2. Such signs that we use in the experiment are Greek letters. (as)
3. Mary was kinder to Jack than she was to the others , this , of course, made all the others upset. 4. Pisa is a city, where has a leaning tower. (which) (which) 5. That is the reason why he gave us. (that /which)
6. He mentioned a book, which title I’ve forgotten. (whose)
7. I still remember the day when we spent together. (that / which)
8. He always comes late, and which makes his teacher angry. (and删去/which改为it) 9. China has a lot of islands, one of them is Diaoyu. (which)
10. The girl who is disabled, but she succeeded by her father’s appreciation education. (删去) 11. There are a lot of students here, none of them like the film. (whom)
12. The scientist and his achievements which you told me about are admired by us all. (that)
三、请用定语从句翻译下列句子。 1.他永远不会忘记与她邂逅的那一天。
He’ll never forget the day when he first met her.
2.属于自己的，不要放弃；已经失去的，留作记忆。
Don't give up the things that belong to you and keep the lost things in memory.
3.伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。
The wolf by which the sheep was hurt was shot.
4.我们这次还是约在上次一起吃晚饭的餐厅见面吧! Let’s meet at the restaurant where we had dinner last time. 5.环境保护是一个如今为人们广为讨论的一个话题。.
The environmental protection is a topic which / that is widely discussed by people nowadays. 6.我们必须承认,那些反对此观点的人们也有一定的道理。
We have to admit that those who oppose the viewpoint also have their reasons. 7.手提电脑如今如此普遍的一个重要原因就是它的使用方便。
A major reason why lap-tops are so popular nowadays is that it is easy to use. 8.他计划于2017年回国,到那时候他将年满30岁.
He is planning to return to his homeland in 2017, by which time (when) he will be 30. 9.<<荷马史诗>>（Homer Epic）是一本很精彩的书,我从中学到了很多.
Homer Epic is a wonderful book, from which I have learned a lot.
10.最激动人心的一次旅行经历是在巴厘岛(Bali),在那里我有生以来第一次体验了潜水. The most exciting traveling experience is the one in Bali, where I experienced diving for the first time in my life.
四、语篇填空：
Jim, 1._________ father is a biologist, is crazy about animals. The only subject 2. ________ seems interesting to him is biology. He spends every penny 3.________ he can save to buy books on biology, 4.________ is often laughed at by his classmates. One day, 5._______ he stepped in the bookstore 6.____________ sells all kinds of books about animals, he was as excited as a child who found something 7._______ he had been longing for. He was lost in the books 8.______ a corner of the store and forgot about the time and he was locked inside when the store was closed! Whenever this experience was talked about again, he would say that was the very thing 9.______ he had hoped—--he was glad 10.______________ (remain) there and read the whole night for free.
（参考答案：whose; that; that; which; when; which/that; that; in; that; to have remained） 五、定语从句在写作中的应用------根据下列内容, 运用定语从句写一篇文章介绍中国。.
众所周知，中国有960万平方公里的土地，是世界第三大国。中国有56个民族，其中汉族人 (the Han Ethnic) 占94%。中国有许多大河流，其中长江、黄河是最重要的河流。曾有一段时间，中国的经济落后于世界许多国家，但随着经济的增长，中国人被歧视的日子一去不复返，所有中国人都为此感到自豪。
As is known to all, China with an area of 9.6 million square kilometers, is the third largest country in the world. The Chinese nation consists of 56 nationalities, among which the Han Ethnic Group is the largest, making up 94% of the whole. Besides, there are many big rivers in China, the most important of _which_ are the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. There was a time when Chinese economy was far behind many other countries in the world. However, with the development of the economy, the days are gone forever when the Chinese people were looked down upon, which all Chinese are proud of.
高考英语语法专题复习 定语从句 知识清单 答案
