Lesson4
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Describe the difference between low and high levels of learning, and give examples of what kinds of activities characterize low and high levels. Classify a homework or exam question according to the required level of learning.Understandandapply
Assess your own study habits according to the level of learning you are working at, and assess what level is required for different classes or scenarios in your life.
Define an Astronomical Unit (AU).
For general reference, we can say that one astronomical unit (AU) represents the mean distance between the Earth and our sun. The AU is approximately 150 million kilometers or 93 million miles. It is approximately 8 light-minutes.
Name all 8 planets in order. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus 天王星extreme seasons, Neptune.海王星
Compare and contrast the major characteristics of terrestrial vs. jovian planets.
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Identify all 4 terrestrials and all 4 jovian planets. Terrestrial planets: Earth, Venus, Mercury, Mars Jovian planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Explain the differences and similarities between the greenhouse effect and global warming.
Global warming is an INCREASING greenhouse effect due to changing composition of the atmosphere. The natural greenhouse effect is normal on Earth, and stable. But ours is now increasing. This non-natural, increasing greenhouse effect leads to global warming, and that IS bad for ecosystems on Earth.
Define asteroid belt and Kuiper belt, know their locations, and compare and contrast their properties.
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The Kuiper Belt (pronounced \of individual rocky, icy bodies very far out, near Pluto's orbit: 30-100 AU.
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Pluto, Eris, Haumea, Makemake, and any other future-discovered objects
orbiting our Sun and large enough to pull themselves into a spherical shape (but not full-fledged planets) are now dubbed \
Asteroids are small iron and rocky bodies; most orbit the Sun between Mars and Jupiter.
? Define comets and meteors; Describe several differences and similarities.
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These are particles of space debris -- flecks of dust or very small rocks -- falling through Earth's atmosphere and burning up. They might look like comets in pictures, but they are fundamentally very different. For one thing, meteors happen very fast: a split second, or several seconds at most. By contrast, comets stick around for weeks or even months. That is because meteors are a phenomenon happening just a few tens of miles away (above us in Earth's
atmosphere), while comets are bodies orbiting the Sun millions of times further -- typically several to many AU away. ?
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Lesson 5
Use the apparent brightness, luminosity, distance equation (apparent brightness = Luminosity / (4πd2)) for ratio problems where you are asked to compare any of the quantities in two different situations.
? apparent brightness: how bright something appears to a given observer; how much light they detect at their observing location
? luminosity: how intrinsically powerful an object is; how much total light it is giving of
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apparent brightness and luminosity are directly proportional
? apparent brightness is inversely proportional to distance (squared)
? Use the parallax / distance equation (d = 1 / p) to calculate either quantity, or compare distances and parallax angles of different stars.
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? Identify correlated and uncorrelated quantities in a graph relating them.
AstroExam2天文
