人教版高中英语选修七Unit4Sharing知识讲解Unit4Sharing语言点

Unit 4 Sharing语言点

编稿：牛新阁 审稿：王春霞

学习目标 重点词汇

adjust participate otherwise donate distribute voluntary purchase relevant operate

重点短语

hear from （be）dying to come across the other day dry out dry up in need

重点句型

whether引导的从句

过去完成进行时与过去完成时

知识讲解 重点词汇

【高清课堂：Sharing词汇精讲】 adjust

【原句回放】The hut was dark inside, so it took time for our eyes to adjust. 小屋里很黑，因此眼睛过了好一阵才适应过来。 【点拨】adjust vi. 适应

vt. 调整，使……适合

常用搭配：adjust to 适应（to 是介词，加动词-ing形式）

She carefully adjusted her clothes and hair before going to the interview． 去面试前她认真整理衣服和头发。（adjust作“调整”讲，直接接宾语） It took him quite a long time to adjust to the heat of India． 他花了很长时间才适应了印度的温度。

My parents had trouble adjusting to living in an apartment. 我的父母费了很多的功夫才适应住在公寓里。 【拓展】adjustable adj. 可调节的

adjustment n. 调整，调节

Can you lend me an adjustable spanner? 你能借我一把可调节的扳手吗?

participate

【原句回放】I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate in the conversation. 他们家里人轻声细语地用自己的语言在交谈。我很喜欢听他们谈话，尽管我不能加入他们的谈话。 【点拨】participate vi. 参与,分享,分担

常用搭配：participate in sth. 参与某事，分享某物

Everyone in the class is expected to participate in these discussions. 班里每个人都要参加这些讨论。

I will participate (=share) in your suffering and joy. 我将和你同甘共苦。 【拓展】participant n. 参与者，分享者

participation n. 参与 ，分享

All the participants in the debate will have an opportunity to speak. 参加辩论的人都将有机会发言。

Union leaders called for the active participation of all members in the day of election. 联盟领导人号召所有的人在选举日能积极参与。

otherwise

【原句回放】Otherwise they don’t waste anything. 否则的话，他们是不会浪费任何东西的。 【点拨】otherwise conj. & adv. 用别的方法；其他方面；否则

We were going to play football, but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise. 我们本来想踢足球，但是天太热了，我们决定做点别的事情。（用别的方法） We’ll go early, otherwise (=or) we may not get a seat. 我们要早点走，否则可能会没有座位了。 【拓展】or otherwise 或用其他方式； 或不是 We will get there somehow, by train or otherwise. 我们将到达那里，乘火车还是别的什么。

Whether she was married or otherwise was none of my business. 她结婚了还是没有都与我无关。

donate

【原句回放】Would you like to donate an unusual gift? 你是否想要赠送一份特殊的礼物？ 【点拨】donate vt. 捐赠

The businessman donated a lot of money to the hospital. 这个商人向那家医院捐了很多的钱。

This computer was donated to us by a local company. 这台计算机是当地一家公司捐赠给我们的。 【拓展】donation n. 捐赠，捐赠物

They made a generous donation to charity. 他们向慈善组织进行了慷慨的捐助。 The hospital receives a good deal of money in donations. 这家医院在捐献过程中收到了大量钱款。 相关短语：

give/ make/ present a donation to sb./ an organization捐赠给某人/组织

distribute

【原句回放】This gift covers the cost of production and distribution of seedlings, as well as training in tree care for the local villagers who are working hard to prevent their land from turning into desert. 这份礼物包含了幼苗的培育和销售费用，也包含了当地村民参加护树培训的费用，这些村民正努力工作以阻止他们的土地沙漠化。 【点拨1】distribute v.

1. 分发

Clothes and blankets have been distributed to the refugees. 衣物和毯子被分发给难民。 2. 配送

Milk is distributed to the local shops by Micheal. 牛奶是由米歇尔配送到当地商店的。 3. 使分布，使散布

Make sure the weight of the load is evenly distributed. 要保证装载物的重量均匀分布。

【拓展】区分：contribute 贡献 相关短语：contribute to有助于

Proper diet contributes to good health. 适当的饮食是对健康有帮助的。

【点拨2】distribution n. 分配，分发；分布状态

The conference discussed the fair distribution of income and wealth. 会议讨论了公平分配收入和财富的问题。

The town council passed a law forbidding the distribution of handbills. 市议会通过了一项禁止散发传单的法令。 【拓展】distributor n. 供销商 ■

voluntary

【原句回放】 The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it. 你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实需要的人的一项生活上的无偿捐助。 【点拨】voluntary adj. 自愿的，志愿的，无偿的

When she retired she did a lot of voluntary work for the Red Cross. 她退休后为红十字会做了许多义务工作。

More and more people are now working in poor countries on a voluntary basis. 现在越来越多的人自愿在贫穷国家工作。

（on a voluntary basis 基于自愿，以自愿为原则） 【拓展】volunteer n. 志愿者；

v. 自愿或无偿地给予帮助

常见搭配：volunteer to do sth. 自愿/志愿做某事

The center needs more volunteers to help children to read. 中心需要更多的志愿者帮孩子们读书。

The company volunteered to donate fifty computers to help the disabled people.

这家公司自愿捐出50台电脑帮助那些残疾人。

I volunteered my services as a driver. 我作为司机自愿服务。

purchase

【原句回放】When you purchase an item, we will send you an attractive card for you to send to your special person. 你选购一份礼物时，我们会给你提供一张精美的卡片，让你送给你的某个特殊的人。

【点拨】purchase vt. 购买；（以某种代价）换得 n. 购买; 购得物（常用复数）

It will cost almost all the money for an old couple to purchase a house now. 现在一对老夫妻要买一幢房子要花掉几乎所有的钱。

They purchased life at the expense of honour. 他们用荣誉换取了生命。

We spent some money for the purchase of the furniture necessary for our new house. 我们花了些钱为新房子购买必要的家具。

He filled the car with his purchases. 他买的东西装满了车。 【拓展】常见短语：

make a purchase 采购 purchase price 买价

purchasing power 购买力

relevant 【原句回放】Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway. 有时候，我真想知道，化学对这些学生究竟有多大用处。他们中大多数人上完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。 【点拨】relevant adj. 有关的; 恰当的, 贴切的, 切题的（反义词 irrelevant） 常用搭配：be relevant to 与......有关

His nationality is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer. 他的国籍与是否是个好律师无关。

This type of university course is no longer relevant to today’s problem.

这种大学课程与目前问题不再有关联了。

Many people consider politics is irrelevant to their lives. 许多人认为政治与他们的生活无关。 【拓展】 relevance n. 关联，切题，适宜

What you say has no relevance to what we are talking about. 你说的与我们正谈的事情无关。

补充：relevancy 关联（的事物），恰当，切题的话

operate

【原句回放】This gift covers the cost of exercise books and textbooks for community primary schools that operate in poor or remote villages. 这件礼物包括在贫穷或偏远村庄开办的社区小学的练习本和课本的费用。

【点拨】 operate vt. 操作，使运行

vi. 运转，工作；动手术；起作用

常见搭配：operate on sb. 给某人动手术

Who operates the machine? 那台机器由谁操作？

This machine operates night and day. 这台机器日夜运转着。

The doctors operated on her/ her stomach last night. 医生们昨晚给她/她的胃部做了手术。 The new drug began to operate not long after it is taken. 这种新药服用后不久就会开始见效。 【拓展】operation n. 操作，手术

perform /have an operation on给……动手术 come into operation 开始运转

put/bring...into operation 使……开始运转 in operation运转中

重点短语

hear from

【原句回放】It was wonderful to hear from you. 收到你的信真是太高兴了。 【点拨】hear from sb. 收到......的来信、电话等

注意：from后只接人或者机构等，而不接letter，call等词。 Not having heard from him for months, his mother was worried.

几个月没有他的音讯了，他妈妈很担心。

They will be delighted to hear from you. 他们会很高兴收到你的来信的。 【拓展】hear有关的短语：

hear about 听到关于......的事 hear sb. out 听某人把话说完

hear of 听说；听从（与will，would连用，用于否定句）

Have you heard about the new anticancer drug? 你听说过这种抗癌新药吗？ I’ve never heard of such a person. 我从没有听说这样一个人。 He wouldn’t hear of me paying for the bill. 我要付账，他不肯。

（be）dying to 【原句回放】I know you’re dying to hear all about my life here, I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about. 我知道你急于了解我在这儿的生活情况，所以我在信中附有几张照片，能够帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。 【点拨】be dying to do sth. 极想/ 渴望做某事 be dying for sth. 渴望/很想得到某物

All of us are dying to see the film after hearing about it. 听说这部电影后，我们都极想看。

He was dying for something to drink. 他极想有点什么喝的。 After a long dry season the trees are dying / thirsty for water. 经过一个漫长的旱季，树木迫切需要水分。 【拓展1】表示“渴望”的同义短语：

be eager for / to do sth. long for / to do sth.

be thirsty for sth／to do sth. 【拓展2】die构成的短语：

die away 逐渐停止，逐渐消失 die down逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊 die off 相继死去 die out逐渐消失，灭绝 The noise of the motorcar died away. 汽车的噪音渐渐消失了。

After the excitement of the audience died down, the speaker restarted his speech. 等听众激动的情绪平息后,演讲人又重新开始演讲。

come across

【原句回放】The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the window. 男孩子们以前从来没有见过这种情况，吓得都往窗外跳去。 【点拨】come across 偶然遇到/发现, 碰见；被理解，被传达 She came across some old photos in the drawer. 她在抽屉里发现了一些旧照片。

I came across an old friend I hadn’t seen for years yesterday. 昨天我偶遇了一位多年不见的老友。

Your speech came across very well. 大家确实理解了你的发言。 【拓展】含come的短语：

come about 发生 come out 出版，被刊行 come to 达到，达成，归结为 come round重来，苏醒过来，回心转意 come down 传递，传给 come along 进展；偶然发生