a2. 2005-2009考研英语 真题阅读+答案-42页

目录

2005年考研英语真题阅读Text1....................................................................................12005年考研英语真题阅读Text2....................................................................................32005年考研英语真题阅读Text3....................................................................................52005年考研英语真题阅读Text4....................................................................................72006年考研英语真题阅读Text1....................................................................................92006年考研英语真题阅读Text2..................................................................................112006年考研英语真题阅读Text3..................................................................................132006年考研英语真题阅读Text4..................................................................................152007年考研英语真题阅读Text1..................................................................................172007年考研英语真题阅读Text2..................................................................................192007年考研英语真题阅读Text3..................................................................................212007年考研英语真题阅读Text4..................................................................................232008年考研英语真题阅读Text1..................................................................................252008年考研英语真题阅读Text2..................................................................................272008年考研英语真题阅读Text3..................................................................................292008年考研英语真题阅读Text4..................................................................................312009年考研英语真题阅读Text1..................................................................................332009年考研英语真题阅读Text2..................................................................................352009年考研英语真题阅读Text3..................................................................................372009年考研英语真题阅读Text4..................................................................................392005-2019考研英语真题阅读答案................................................................................41

2005年考研英语真题阅读Text1

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.

SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.

Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

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21.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby

[A]posingacontrast.

[B]justifyinganassumption.[C]makingacomparison.[D]explainingaphenomenon.

22.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,Paragraphl)impliesthat

[A]monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals.[B]resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’nature.

[C]monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother.[D]noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions.23.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobably

becausetheyare

[A]moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget.

[B]attentivetoresearchers’instructions.

[C]niceinbothappearanceandtemperament.[D]moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions.

24.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys

[A]prefergrapestocucumbers.

[B]canbetaughttoexchangethings.

[C]willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated.[D]areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers.25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

[A]Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.[B]Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.[C]Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.[D]Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.

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