无 锡 职 业 技 术 学 院 毕业设计说明书（英文翻译）
PIC series monolithic integrated circuit characteristic
Along with the large scale integrated circuit (LSI) the manufacture technology rapid development, the computer is facing two obvious directions (namely two big branches) to develop: One is the microcomputer system performance enhances unceasingly, by satisfies the high velocity large capacity data processing ; Two is the monolithic microcomputer function consummates day by day, by satisfies many domains each kind of intriguing scene control . The Texas instrument company invented after 1975 in the world the first 4 monolithic integrated circuit TMS - 1,000 births, some large-scale micro electron companies competed to develop have developed each kind of monolithic integrated circuit series product. Divides from the word length aspect, the monolithic integrated circuit has 4, 8, 16, 32 four big kinds, first three kinds occupied the monolithic integrated circuit market main share, in the middle of these three kind of monolithic integrated circuits, 8 machine continuously primarily flows the product.Has the representative 4 monolithic integrated circuits to have the American Texas instrument company TMS - 1,000, Nippon Electric Company (NEC) mu PD75 long neck hair series, American country semiconductor company (NS) COP400 series, American company (ROCKWELL) PPS/1 series, Japanese Matushita company's MN1400 series, Japanese Fujitsu Corporation's MB88 series as well as Japanese Sharp Corporation's SM long neck hair series and so on.
Has the representative 8 monolithic integrated circuits to have the American micro chip company the PIC16C long neck hair series, the PIC17C long neck hair series, the PIC1400 series, American Intel Corporation's MCS - 48 and the MCS - 51 series, the American Motorola Corporation's MC68HC05 series and the MC68HC11 series, the American uneven speech company's Z8 series, the Nippon Electric Company mu the PD78 long neck hair series, American Mosse the Turk company and young attendants to the immortals company cooperative production F8 (3,870) the series and so on. Has the representative 16 monolithic integrated circuits has American Mosse Turk company MC68200, the American Intel Corporation's MCS - 96 series, the Nippon Electric Company mu the PC14040 series, the American country semiconductor company (NS) 783 long neck hair series and so on.
At present, the monolithic integrated circuit is facing internal memory RAM and the ROM capacity is big, I/The O port function many, the supply voltage scope width, the power dissipation are low, the operating speed quick direction develops.
In the above each kind of monolithic integrated circuit, why does this course select the micro chip company PIC in the series PIC16F873 monolithic integrated circuit to take the model introduction?
The PIC series monolithic integrated circuit hardware system design is succinct, command system design fining. In the middle of all monolithic integrated circuits variety, it is easiest to study, one of easiest application monolithic integrated circuit varieties. Said regarding the monolithic integrated circuit beginner, if chooses the PIC monolithic integrated circuit achievement to capture the monolithic integrated circuit kingdom the breach , will be a most relaxed shortcut, decides can obtain the twice the result with half the effort effect. At present had several famous semiconductors companies to imitate the PIC series monolithic integrated circuit, develops and it pin compatible series monolithic integrated circuit, for instance American SCENIX Corporation's SX series, Taiwan EMC Corporation's EM78P series, Taiwan MDT Corporation's MDT series and so on. Below the PIC series monolithic integrated circuit has the characteristic: (1) uses the Harvard structure. In the home most common monolithic integrated circuit, the PIC series monolithic integrated circuit is the only 11 kinds uses the Harvard structure in the chip interior the type. Here said the Harvard structure is, in chip interior data bus and command line separation, and uses the different width. Does this the advantage is, is advantageous for the realization streamlined production , also is while carries out instruction to carry on to the next instruction takes refers to the operation, but in the
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无 锡 职 业 技 术 学 院 毕业设计说明书（英文翻译）
common monolithic integrated circuit, the command line and the data bus is uses in common. and has used the different width, therefore program memory ROM and the data-carrier storage RAM addressing space is mutually independent, moreover two kind of memories widths are also different. Like this designs not only may guarantee the data the security, but also can enhance the running rate and realize the complete instruction the single byte . byte said which in this , refers in particular to the PIC monolithic integrated circuit the instruction byte, but is not 8 bits bytes which often said. For example, PIC12C50 / The PIC16C5 series monolithic integrated circuit instruction byte is 12 bits; PIC16C6 / PIC16C7 / The PIC16C8 series instruction byte is 14 bits; The PIC17C long neck hair series instruction byte is 16 bits. Their data-carrier storage all is 8 widths. But MCS - 51 series monolithic integrated circuits ROM and the RAM width all is 8, the command length from 1 byte (8) to 3 bytes lengths not one.
(3) simplifies the set of instructions (RISC) the technology. PIC series monolithic integrated circuit command system only then 35 instructions. This for the instruction study, the memory, the understanding brings the very big advantage, also gives the procedure the compilation, reading, the debugging, the revision, the exchange brings the enormous convenience, really it may be said is easy to study easily to use . But the MCS - 51 monolithic integrated circuits command systems altogether have 111 instructions, the MC68HC05 monolithic integrated circuit command system altogether have 89 instructions. PIC series monolithic integrated circuit not only complete instruction for single byte instruction, moreover the overwhelming majority instruction for the single cyclical instruction, by favors the enhancement to carry out the speed.
(4) the addressing way is simple. The addressing way is seeks the operand the method. The PIC series monolithic integrated circuit only then 4 addressing ways (namely register indirect addressing, immediately number addressing, direct addressing and position addressing, later will make detailed explanation), will be easy to grasp, but MCS - 51 monolithic integrated circuits then will have 7 addressing ways, the 68HC05 monolithic integrated circuit will have 6 kinds.
(5) the code compression ratio is high. The 1K byte memory space, regarding likes the MCS - 51 such monolithic integrated circuits, only can deposit 600 instructions approximately, but regarding PIC series monolithic integrated circuit then can deposit reaches 1,024 instructions strip number. May see from chart 1, compares with several kind of typical monolithic integrated circuits, PIC16C5 is one kind most saves the program memory space the monolithic integrated circuit. In other words, completes the space which the same function section of procedures takes, MC68HC05 is PIC16C5 2.24 times.
(6) the running rate is high. Because has used the Harvard main line structure, also because instruction reading has selected the streamlined production method with the execution, the PIC series monolithic integrated circuit running rate enhances greatly. May see from chart 2, the PIC series monolithic integrated circuit running rate is higher than other same scales by far the monolithic integrated circuit. In all 8 machine center, PIC17C is in the present world one of speed quickest varieties.
(7) the power loss is low. The PIC series monolithic integrated circuit power dissipation is extremely low, some models monolithic integrated circuit works when the 4MHz clock consumes the electricity not to surpass 2mA, lowers under the sleep pattern to 1 mu A below.
(8) driving force. I/The O port actuates the load the ability to be strong, each I/The O pin inspiration and the output current maximum value may respectively achieve 25mA and 20mA, can the direct drive light emitter diode, the photoelectricity coupler or the miniature relay and so on.
(9) has I2C and the SPI serial main line port: PIC series monolithic integrated circuit some models have I2C and the SPI serial main line port. I2C and SPI respectively are invents by
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无 锡 职 业 技 术 学 院 毕业设计说明书（英文翻译）
PHILIPS and MOTOROLA Corporation realizes the synchronization serial data transmission sdt two kind of serial main lines technology between the chip. May facilitate using the monolithic integrated circuit serial main line port nimbly expands some essential periphery components. Serial interface and serial main line establishment, not only simplified the monolithic integrated circuit application system structure greatly, moreover extremely is also easy to form the product electric circuit the modular structure. At present, company and so on Matushita, Hitachi, Sony, Sharp, rainbow all in product and so on its large screen in color television has introduced the I2C technology.
(10) the addressing space design is succinct. The PIC series monolithic integrated circuit procedure, the storehouse, the data three use mutually the independent addressing respectively (or address code) the space, moreover the first two addresses arrangement does not need the user to worry, this can receive beginner's welcome. But MC68HC05 and MC68HC11 monolithic integrated circuit addressing space when, programming needs the user to the procedure area, the storehouse area, the data area and I/The O port takes the address space makes the careful arrangement, like this can give in master's design to bring the flexibility, but also can bring some troubles to the beginner.
(11) the periphery electric circuit is succinct. The PIC series monolithic integrated circuit internal integrated on the electricity replacement electric circuit, I/On the O pin pulls the electric circuit, the watch-dog timer and so on, may the greatest degree reduction or exempts with the periphery component, in order to realizes the pure monolithic application. Thus, not only is advantageous for the development, moreover also may save the user the electric circuit board space and the production cost.
(12) develops conveniently. Usually, under the extra-curricular condition the study and the application monolithic integrated circuit, the biggest barrier is the experiment develops the equipment to be expensive, causes many beginners to shrink back at the sight. The micro chip company and its the domestic many business agents, have provided the richly colorful hardware and the software support for user's application development. Has each kind of scale fever recording (or called programming) and the hardware simulator sells, its selling price is probably different from 500 Yuan to 2,000 Yuan. In addition, the micro chip company has also developed the many kinds of editions software simulator and the software comprehensive development environment (MPLAB - IDE), for the amateur study and the practice, the application and the development actual drill has provided enormous convenient. Regarding PIC series in no matter what a section monolithic integrated circuit development, all may draw support a set of free softwares comprehensive development environment realization programming and the simulation simulation, again uses any kind of inexpensive fever recording to complete the procedure fever to write, then forms a set of economical practical developments system. It suits these not to want specially the excessively many investments purchase expensive development kit beginner and the amateur. With the aid of in this set of inexpensive development system, the user may complete some small electronic products the development development. Thus it can be seen, said to primary level studying independently that, the PIC monolithic integrated circuit is one kind most suits, the easiest close monolithic integrated circuit.
(13) C language programming. Regarding has grasped the C language user, the micro chip company has also provided the C language compiler for it , such user if uses the C language this kind of higher order language to carry on the programming, but also may enhance the working efficiency greatly.
(14) the variety is rich. The PIC series monolithic integrated circuit has formed three levels, more than 50 models at present. The internal function from to is simply complex, the seal form from 8 feet to 68 feet, may meet each kind of different application need. The user always can find section in among to suit oneself develops the goal the monolithic integrated
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PIC系列单片机的特点
