② The family has been in America ________ last year.
A) in
B) for
C) after
D) since
答案是D）。在时间点last year之前用since表示从last year到现在的某种状态。
（7） by, with和through表示“手段”与“工具”时用法上的区别：
by表示的手段， with表示具体的工具，through 则表示具体的媒介手段。如：
All sewing was done by hand until the invention of the sewing machine in the nineteenth century.
By hand这里表示“用手工（做……）。 ”
Nearly all of the practicing doctors of today were brought up with Osler’s medical textbooks.
这里，with后面的textbooks是具体的工具教科书。
It’s remarkable how much a scientist can learn about the structure and history of the moon through a sample of lunar soil.
根据原句子意思，a sample of lunar soil是认识月球结构和历史的具体媒介手段。 （8） between, among和amid用法上的区别：
一般来说，between的意思是“在……（两者）之间”，而among的意思是“在……（两者以上）之间”。不过，between有时也可表示“在三者或三者以上之间”，但这种用法主要强调三者或三者以上中每两者之间的关系。如：
Early man did not know how to explain the difference ___ gases, solids and liquids. A) among B) between C) about D)amid 答案是B）。本句强调的是三种物质形态中任何两种之间的区别。又如： “What’s the difference between piano, money and you?”
“Piano makes music, money makes me rich but you make me sick.”
amid在文体上要比among正式；amid后面的宾语可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词，among后面的宾语只能是可数名词。如：
He felt strange amid so many people.
A child’s doll was found amid the wreckage of the plane.
The pilot and the crew divided the life preservers among the twenty frantic passengers. （9） owing to, due to, because of和because的区别：
owing to, due to和because of都是复合介词，“because of和owing to +名词或名词短语”只作表语或状语，特别是位于句首时；“due to + 名词或名词短语”常用作定语或表语，很少用侨眷主语；
because是连词，只能引导状语从句。如：
Because of/Owing to the meat boycott, the butchers were doing about half of the business that they were doing previous to the boycott.
The force due to gravitation causes objects to have weight. He arrived late owing to/due to the heavy snow storm.
2）一些常用介词的基本用法 about:关于，涉及 （1） ν.+ about ask about询问,打听
argue with sb. About (over, on) sth.与某人争论某事 quarrel with sb. About sth.与某人为某事而争吵 complain about (of)抱怨
boast about (of)自夸,自吹自擂 hear about (of)听说
inform sb. about(of)通知某人某事 remind sb. about(of)提醒某人某事 speak about(of)谈到
talk with sb. about(over) sth.与某人谈某事 （2） adj. + about
angry (with. sb.) about sth.由于某事而生(某人的)气 crazy about对 ……着迷，发狂 glad about对……高兴 care about(of)对……小心翼翼 enthusiastic about对……热心 certain about(of)对……有把握 doubtful about(of)对……怀疑
particular about(of)对……讲究（挑剔） sure about(of)对……有把握
furious(with sb.) about sth.由于某事（对某人）发怒 worried about对……担忧 （3） n. + about
argument about关于……的争论
talk (lecture, speech) about关于……的 book (firm) about关于……的书（电影） （4） 特殊固定搭配 come about发生 bring about引起 move about动来动去 be concerned about关心 against:逆；反；反对；提防着 (1) ν.+ against
fight against反对；怀……斗争 vote against投票反对 beat against拍打 guard against提防
protest… against(from)保护……不受伤害 insure… against给……投保 compete against(with)与……竞争 protest against抗议 provide against预防
(2) adj. + against
prepared against做好……的准备 proof against防…… (3) n. + against
insurance against……保险 regulation against禁止……的规则 protection against对……的防护措施 (4) 常用词组
against one’s will违反某人意愿
against one’s expectation(s)出乎某人所料 against the law违法 against the current逆水 against time争分夺秒，赶时间 (5) 特殊固定搭配
run against碰上，偶然遇见 at:
(1)表示方向，“向……”
aim at向……瞄准，向……目标 point at指向 shoot at向……射击 look at看……
glance at对……瞥一眼 laugh at嘲笑 arrive at到达 throw at向……投掷
run at向……跑去 stare at凝视
(2)与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的形容词构成短语，表示“原因” be amazed at因……而惊愕 be annoyed at因……而烦恼 be astonished at因……而惊讶 be delighted at因……而高兴 be excited at因……而激动 be surprised at因……而吃惊 be sad at (about)因……而伤心 be angry at(about)因……而生气 be furious at (about)因……而愤怒 be disappointed at(in, with)对……失望 be impatient at因……而不耐烦 (3)在某些形容词，表示“具有某种技能” expert at专长于…… good at擅长于…… bad at不擅长于…… quick at 对……敏捷 slow at对……迟缓 clever at擅长于…… skillful at对……熟练 strange at对……生疏 (4)表示“处于某种状态”
(完整word版)山东省成人高等教育学士学位英语考试复习指导
